TOPLAM FAKTÖR VERİMLİLİĞİ, FİNANSAL GELİŞME VE İNOVASYON EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYİ ARTIRIYOR MU?

Bu çalışmada 12 gelişen piyasa ekonomisinde toplam faktör verimliliği, inovasyon ve finansal gelişmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu ise, 1996-2017 yılları arasındaki verileri içeren panel veri seti ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ampirik tahmin stratejisinde, Parks-Kmenta Tahmincisi yardımıyla söz konusu faktörlerin sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeye katkıları tespit edilmiştir. Tahmin sonuçları, toplam faktör verimliliği, inovasyon ve finansal gelişmenin sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeyi istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, toplam faktör verimliliğinin sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeye olan olumlu katkısı, inovasyon ve finansal gelişme değişkenlerinin katkılarından daha fazladır. Diğer taraftan, istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif olarak elde edilen etkileşim terimi katsayısı toplam faktör verimliliğinin ekonomik büyümeyi etkileme derecesinin, inovasyonların düzeyine bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir.

HEIDEGGER: PHENOMENOLOGY OF BEING

Since Husserl thinks that there is no numen behind the phenomena and thus, they (phenomena) reveal their essences, he has wanted to establish phenomenology as a science of reaching these essences. However, Heidegger, considering the taking of being into bracket in Husserl’s phenomenology problematic, has stated that what really needs to be investigated is the Being (which is a distinctive phenomenon). Heidegger has discussed Being in many ways, arguing that other phenomena are visible to the extent that Being manifests itself. In this study, the investigation of the Being through phenomenology has been carried out by paying attention to the path followed by Being and Time. Heidegger firstly has discussed phenomenology by looking at the meanings of the concepts of phenomenon and logos. Phenomenon signifies self-expression, and logos signifies mind, word and relationship. Based on these concepts, Heidegger focuses on the relationships between phenomenology and Being, mind, hermeneutics, language and Dasein. Since phenomenology questions the existence of beings, it is also ontology. But since the whole investigation ultimately is tied in Dasein (at least in the early works of Heidegger), it is stated that Dasein must be made transparent in its own being. In short, here, by considering Husserl’s understanding of phenomenology, it is discussed how Heidegger has made use of phenomenology while investigating Being. Thus, it has tried to look at phenomenology from Heidegger's perspective.

___

  • Abida, Z., ve Sghaier, I. M. (2014). Remittances, financial development and economic growth: The Case of North African countries. Romanian Economic Journal, 17(51), 137–170.
  • Ağazade, S., ve Karakaya, A. (2019). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme: OECD Ülkeleri Örneğinde Panel Nedensellik Analizi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2): 471-484.
  • Alfaro, L., Kalemli‐Ozcan, S., ve Sayek, S. (2009). FDI, productivity and financial development. World Economy, 32(1), 111-135.
  • Arizala, F., Cavallo, E., ve Galindo, A. (2013). Financial development and TFP growth: cross-country and industry-level evidence. Applied Financial Economics, 23(6), 433-448.
  • Azman-Saini, W. N. W., Baharumshah, A. Z., ve Law, S. H. (2010). Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and economic growth: International evidence. Economic Modelling, 27(5), 1079-1089.
  • Breusch, T. S ve Pagan, A. R. (1980), The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its applications to model specification tests in econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, 47, 239-53.
  • Chowdhury, M. (2016). Financial development, remittances and economic growth: Evidence using a dynamic panel estimation. Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 10(1), 35–54.
  • Hassan, M. K., Sanchez, B., ve Yu, J. S. (2011). Financial development and economic growth: New evidence from panel data. The Quarterly Review of economics and finance, 51(1), 88-104.
  • Kamacı, A., Ceyhan, S., ve Peçe, M. A. (2019). Toplam faktör verimliliğinin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: 15 OECD ülkesi için panel veri analizi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 22-36.
  • Liang, Q., ve Jian-Zhou, T. (2006). Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from China. China economic review, 17(4), 395-411.
  • Nyamongo, E. M., Misati, R. N., Kipyegon, L., ve Ndirangu, L. (2012). Remittances, financial development and economic growth in Africa. Journal of Economics and Business, 64(3), 240–260.
  • Parks, R. (1967), Efficient Estimation of a System of Regression Equations When Disturbances Are Both Serially and Contemporaneously Correlated, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 62: 500–509.
  • Pesaran, Hashem M. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22 (2), 265-312.
  • Rouvinen, P. (2002). RveD—productivity dynamics: causality, lags, and ‘dry holes’. Journal of Applied Economics, 5(1), 123-156.)
  • Saleem, H., Shahzad, M., Khan, M. B., ve Khilji, B. A. (2019). Innovation, total factor productivity and economic growth in Pakistan: a policy perspective. Journal of Economic Structures, 8(1), 1-18.
  • Serdaroğlu, T. (2015). Financial openness and total factor productivity in Turkey. Procedia Economics and Finance, 30, 848-862.
  • Subhan, Q. A., Mahmood, T., ve Sattar, A. (2014). Innovation and economic development: A Case of Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 159-174.
  • Swamy, P. (1970). Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model. Econometrica, 38(2): 311–323.
  • Tabachnick, B., Fidell, L. (2001). Using multivariate statistics, Boston: Allyn and Bacon Tandoğan, D. (2017). Türkiye’de Finansal Gelişimin Toplam Faktör Verimliliğine Etkisi: ARDL Yaklaşımı. Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3).
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2017). Panel Zaman Serileri Analizi Stata Uygulamalı. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Yerdelen (2013). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
  • Vurur, N . (2020). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği . Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 13 (2) , 130-140 .
  • Yalçınkaya, Ö., Hüseyni, İ., Çelik, A. K. (2017). The impact of total factor productivity on economic growth for developed and emerging countries: a second-generation panel data analysis. Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 11(4), 404-417.