Anadolu'da erken prehistorik dönem kırmızı aşı boyası kullanımı

Bu makalede, kırmızı aşı boyasının Anadolu'daki kullanımı ve sembolik anlamı, arkeolojik ve etnoğrafık çalışmalar ışığında sunulmaktadır. Siyah ve kırmızı boyalar Prehistorik dönemlerde en eski boyalan oluşturmaktadır. Bu iki renkten kırmızı, genellikle aşı boyası, hematit ya da demir oksit şeklinde Prehistorik renk paletinde hakim olan rengi oluşturmaktadır. Her ne kadar bazı bilimsel çalışmalar, kırmızı aşı boyasının taş aletlerin sapa takılmasında ve deri hazırlanmasında kullanılan bir malzeme olduğunu ortaya koysa da sembolik ve ritüel geleneklerin ilk kanıtı arkeolojik kayıtlarda kırmızı aşı boyası formunda görülmektedir. Yaşam, yeniden doğum, bereket, dönüşüm ya da statüyü temsil eden güçlü sosyal ve kültürel bir sembol olarak kırmızı renk, insan kapasitesinin fosil göstergesidir. Arkeolojik veriler. Alt Paleolitik Dönem'den tarihi dönemlere kadar kırmızı aşı boyasının, ritüel vücut ve yüz boyama, aletlerin ve sembolik buluntulann süslenmesi, mezarlarda sembolik kullanımı, kadın fıgürinleri ve mağara resimlerinin boyanması gibi farklı bölgelerde çeşidi kullanımlara sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Anadolu'da ise aşı boyası kullanımı ilk kez Üst Paleolitik Dönem'de görülmekte fakat Neolitik Çağ'da, sembolik ve ritüel işlevleri ile birlikte doruk noktasına ulaşmaktadır.

Early prehistoric period red ochre usage in anatolia

In this paper the use and the symbolic meaning of red ochre in Anatolia is presented in the light of archaeological and ethnographical studies. Black and red pigments were the earliest pigments that occur in prehistory. Of the two colours, red dominates the Prehistoric colour palette, usually in the form of ochre, hematite or iron oxide. During the Early Prehistoric periods ochre had two functions. One of these is the functional and the beneficial side, the other one is the symbolic and the ritual side. Although some scientific studies have showed that red ochre was used as an adhering material for handling the stone tools and for hide preservation, the earliest evidence of symbolic and ritual traditions in the archaeological record will take in the form of red ochre. Red colour as a powerful social and cultural symbol, as represented life, rebirth, fertility, transformation or status, is the fossil indicator for the developments of human capacities. The archaeological record reveals that from die Lower Paleolithic to historical times, red ochre has various uses in different regions; such as it was used for ritual body and face painting, for decoration of tools and symbolic artifacts, in burials as symbolic mortuary behaviors, for colouring the woman figurines and cave paintings. In Anatolia ochre usage had been seen early as Upper Paleolithic Period bur reached its peak point during the Neolithic Age, especially with its symbolic and ritual function.

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