Samsun ili buğday üretim alanlarında enfeksiyon oluşturan virüslerin saptanması

Bu çalışma, Samsun ili buğday üretim alanlarında enfeksiyon oluşturan virüs hastalıklarının saptanması amacıyla 2005 ve 2006 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. 2005 yılında alınan toplam 126 adet toprak örneğinde; tuzak bitki testi yöntemi ile buğday ve arpa bitkileri yetiştirilerek, toprak kökenli virüslerden Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) ve Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) DAS- ELISA (Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) yöntemi ile; bu virüslerin vektörü olan Polymyxa graminis ise kök boyaması çalışmaları yapılarak araştırılmıştır. Ancak, incelenen örneklerde toprak kökenli virüslere rastlanılmamasına rağmen, 10 adet örnekte vektör P. graminis’in kışlama spor kümeleri tespit edilmiştir. 2006 yılında ise toplanan 154 bitki örneğinde, toprak kökenli virüslere ek olarak afit ile tasınan Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)’ün PAV ve MAV ırkı da araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bitki örneklerine uygulanan ELISA testleri sonucunda; 1 adet örnekte WSSMV (% 0.7) tespit edilirken, BYDV-PAV 5 örnekte (% 3.4), BYDV-MAV ise 3 örnekte (% 2) saptanmıştır. Sadece 1 örnekte ise BYDV-PAV+MAV ikili enfeksiyonu gözlenmiştir (% 0.7). Đlave olarak, farklı bölge ve farklı simptomlara göre seçilen 26 örnek Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) ve Johnson grass mosaic virus (JGMV) için ELISA ile test edildi. Bunun sonucunda, 3 örnek MDMV ile enfekteli olarak belirlenmistir. Ancak, test edilen buğday örneklerinde JGMV’e rastlanılmamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, ELISA’da WSSMV ve MDMV için pozitif olarak örnekler, 28 farklı indikatör bitkiye mekaniksel olarak inokule edilmiştir. MDMV için 5 örnek, WSSMV için ise 1 örnek indikatör bitkilerde virüs benzeri simptomlara neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma ile bizim bilgimize göre WSSMV, bölgede ve ülkemizde ilk olarak kayıt edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Samsun ilinde MDMV’ün buğdayda enfeksiyon oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Determination of virus diseases on wheat growing areas of Samsun province

This study was conducted to determine virus diseases in wheat production areas in Samsun during 2005- 2006. Total 126 soil samples were collected from different locations of Samsun in 2005. Wheat and barley plants were grown in these soil samples using bait plant techniques. Presence of Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) were investigated using DAS-ELISA (Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), and their vector Polymyxa graminis was analyzed using stained root samples. None of the above mentioned viruses were detected in the soil samples while P. graminis was found in ten samples. In addition to soilborne viruses, PAV and MAV races of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) were included to our research as aphid transmitted viruses to test 154 plant samples collected in 2006. ELISA test results showed that one sample was infected with WSSMV (0.7%), five samples BYDV-PAV (3.4%) and three samples BYDV-MAV (2%) while one sample was infected with BYDV-PAV+MAV double infection (0.7%). Additionally, twenty six samples were selected from different locations and symptom expression and tested for the presence of Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Johnson grass mosaic virus (JGMV) by ELISA. Three samples gave positive result for MDMV. However, JGMV was not detected in any tested wheat sample. Besides this, 28 indicator plant series were inoculated with ELISA-positive samples for WSSMV and MDMV mechanically. Five inoculated samples for MDMV and one inoculated sample for WSSMV caused virus-like symptoms on indicator test plants. Up to now, this is the first report for the presence of WSSMV in Samsun province and Turkey. Also, it was determined that MDMV causes infections on wheat in Samsun.

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