Mısır/baklagil birlikte ekiminin verimlilik ve toprak sıkışıklığı üzerine etkisi

Bu araştırma Türkiye’nin batısında mısır/baklagil birlikte ekiminin ürün verimliliği ve toprak sıkışıklığı üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme 7 uygulamadan oluşmuştur: saf mısır (Zea mays L.), börülce (Vigna sinensis L.) ve soya (Glycine max L.) ekimi, ve 2 farklı ekim düzeni (1 ve 2 sıralı) ve 4 mısır-baklagil birlikte ekim serisi. Birlikte ekim mısırda bitki boyu, 1000 tane ağırlığı, ilk koçan yüksekliği ve tane verimini önemli bir şekilde etkilemiştir. Sonuçlar saf mısır ve mısır+soya çift sıra ekim sisteminin sırasıyla 11680.2 kg ha-1 ve 8990.5 kg ha-1 tane verimi verdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Alan eşdeğer oranının 1’den büyük olması, bu üretim sisteminin alan kullanımı açısından karlı olduğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek alan eşdeğer oranı (1.743), çift sıralı mısır ve soya birlikte ekiminden elde edilmiştir. Baklagiller ile birlikte ekim ardışık sıralara ekimde makine yoğunluğundan dolayı toprak sıkışıklığını önemli bir şekilde artırmıştır. İki yıllık veriler birlikte ekim sisteminde daha iyi alan eşdeğer oranı, güneş enerjisinden daha iyi yararlanma, bitki gelişimi ve verimi açısından 1M:2C (1.69) ve 1M:2S (1.74) ekim sisteminin önerilebileceğini göstermiştir.

Effect of maize/legume intercropping on crop productiviy and soil compaction

This research was conducted in western of Turkey to determine the effects of maize/legume intercropping on productivity and soil compaction. The experiment comprised 7 treatments: sole planting of maize (Zea mays L.), cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.), and 2 different planting patterns (1- and 2-row proportion) with 4 maize-legumes intercropping series. Intercropping significantly affected plant height, 1000 grain weight, the height of first ear and grain yield of maize. The results revealed that sole maize and maize+soybean double row strips gave maize grain yield as 11680.2 kg ha-1 and 8990.5 kg ha-1, respectively. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was greater than 1, indicating that this cropping system was profitable in terms of land utilization. Maximum LER (1.743) was recorded in maize+soybean double row strips. Intercropped legumes were significantly increased soil compaction because of the machine traffic in alternate rows. Based on better interception of sunlight energy, crop growth and grain yield collected during the two growing seasons, 1M:2S (1.74) and 1M:2C (1.69) intercropping systems should be suggested.

Keywords:

Intercropping, land equivalent ratio; legume; maize; soil compaction; yield,

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