Celal TUNCER, Rahman KUSHİYEV, Jianfeng LİU, İzzet AKÇA

Metarhizium anisopliae ve Beauveria bassiana izolat ve preparatlarının Curculio nucum’a karşı etkinlikleri

BBu çalışmada, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) Sorok ve Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. izolatları ve ticari preparatlarının (Bio-Magic ve Bio-Power) laboratuvar koşullarında Curculio nucum L.’a karşı etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Bu izolatlar ve ticari preparatların 1×108 spor mL-1 konsantrasyonları Potter ilaçlama kulesi kullanılarak petri içerisinde bulunan C. nucum erginleri üzerine uygulanmıştır. Kontrol petri kaplarına ise % 0.02 Tween 20 içeren steril saf su püskürtülmüştür. Petri kapları 25±1°C ve % 70±5 nemli ortamda 10 gün boyunca inkübe edilmiştir. Ölü bireyler uygulamadan sonra 10 gün boyunca günlük olarak sayılmıştır. Her bir gözlem günü için 4 tekerrür ve her petride 5 böcek olmak üzere farklı böcek grupları kullanılmış (n=20 ergin böcek/gün/izolat veya preparat) ve böylece zaman içindeki gözlemlerin ölüm üzerindeki bağımsızlığı temin edilmiştir. Entomopatojenik funguslar için LT50 ve LT90 değerleri Probit analizi ile hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, M. anisopliae TR-106 izolatının LT50 ve LT90 değerleri sırasıyla 5.32 ve 7.85 gün iken, bu değerler Bio-Magic preparatı için sırasıyla 5.46 ve 10.16 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. B. bassiana TR-217 izolatı için aynı değerler sırasıyla 4.64 ve 8.53 gün olarak bulunmuştur. Son olarak, Bio-Power preparatının LT50 ve LT90 değerleri sırasıyla 6.16 ve 9.86 gün olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu izolatlar ve preparatlar 10 gün sonra C. nucum erginlerinde % 100 ölüme neden olmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, M. anisopliae ve B. bassiana'nın fındık kurduna karşı mücadelede umut verici biyolojik mücadele etmenleri olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Efficacies of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauvaria bassiana isolates and products against Curculio nucum

In this study, the efficacies of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) Sorok and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. isolates and commercial products (Bio-Magic and Bio-Power) were tested against Curculio nucum L. under laboratory conditions. Conidial suspensions of these isolates and products at concentration of 1×108 conidia mL-1 were applied on the adults of C. nucum in petri dishes, using a Potter spray tower. Control insects were sprayed only with sterile-distilled-water containing 0.02 % Tween 20. All treated insects were incubated at 25±1°C and 70±5 % RH photoperiod in an incubator for 10 days. Dead individuals were counted daily following treatment for 10 days. Different groups of insects were used for each observation days, with 4 replications and 5 insects per petri dish (n=20 insect/day/isolate or preparation), and thus independence of observations on the mortality over time was ensured. Lethal time values (LT50 and LT90) for entomopathogenic fungi were calculated using Probit analysis. As a result, LT50 and LT90 values of M. anisopliae TR-106 isolate were 5.32 and 7.85 day, respectively while these values for Bio-Magic product were determined as 5.46 and 10.16 days, respectively. LT50 and LT90 for B. bassiana TR-217 isolate were found to be 4.64 and 8.53 day, respectively. Finally, LT50 and LT90 values of Bio-Power product were determined as 6.16 and 9.86 day, respectively. In addition, these isolates and products have caused 100 % mortality on C. nucum adults within 10 days. The results indicated that M. anisopliae and B. bassiana could be promising biological agents to control hazelnut weevil.

Keywords:

Beauveria bassiana, Biological control Curculio nucum, Metarhizium anisopliae, LT50, LT90,

PDF

___

Abbott, W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economical Entomology, 18: 265-267.
Akça, İ., 2003. Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde fındık kurdu Curculio nucum L. (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) populasyonlarının biyolojisi ve zararı üzerine araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun.
Akça, İ., Tuncer, C., 2005. Biological control and morphological studies on nut weevil (Curculio nucum L. Col., Curculionidae). Acta Horticulturae, 686: 413-420.
AliNiazee, M.T., 1998. Ecology and management of hazelnut pests. Annual Review of Entomology, 43: 395-419.
Ansari, M.A., Butt, T.M., 2012. Susceptibility of different developmental stages of large pine weevil Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to entomopathogenic fungi and effect of fungal infection to adult weevils by formulation and application methods. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 111 (1): 33-40.
Carrillo, D., Dunlap, C.A., Avery, P.B., Navarrete, J., Duncan, R.E., Jackson, M.A., Behle, R.W., Cave, R.D., Crane, J., Rooney, A.P., Peña, J.E., 2015. Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents for the vector of the laurel wilt disease, the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biological Control, 81: 44-50.
Castrillo, L.A., Griggs, M.H., Ranger, C.M., Reding, M.E., Vandenberg, J.D., 2011. Virulence of commercial strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against adult Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and impact on brood. Biological Control, 58: 121-126.
Castrillo, L.A., Griggs, M.H., Vandenberg, J.D., 2013. Granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), survival and brood production following exposure to entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. Biological Control, 67: 220-226.
Ceyhan, V., Bozoğlu, M., Cinemre, H.A., 2002. Bafra ve Çarşamba ovalarında kimyasal girdi kullanım düzeyi ve çevreye etkileri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (2): 17-23.
Cheng, Y., Liu T., Zhao, Y., Geng, W., Chen, L., Liu, J., 2016. Evaluation of pathogenicity of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum L., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) larvae. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 56(4): 405-410.
Ecevit, O., Tuncer, C., Özman S., Mennan, S., Akça, İ., 1996. Karadeniz Bölgesi fındık bahçelerindeki doğal düşmanlar ve biyolojik savaşımda kullanılma olanakları. Fındık ve diğer sert kabuklu meyveler sempozyumu, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, 295-296 s, Samsun.
Erper, I., Saruhan, I., Akca, I., Aksoy, H.M., Tuncer, C., 2016. Evaluation of some entomopathogenic fungi for controlling the Green Shield Bug, Palomena prasina L. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26(3): 573-578.
Gindin, G., Levinski, S., Glazer, I., Soroker, V., 2006. Evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against the red palm weevil. Phytoparasitica, 34(4): 370-379.
Glare, T.R., Placet, C., Nelson, T.L., Reay, S.D., 2002. Potential of Beauveria and Metarhizium as control agents of pinhole borers (Platypus spp.). New Zealand Plant Protection, 55: 73-79.
Goettel, M.S., Eilenberg, J., Glare, T., 2005. Entomopathogenic fungi and their role in regulation of insect populations. In: Gilbert, L.I., Iatrou, K., Gill, S.S. (eds). Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, pp. 361-405.
Goettel, M.S., Eilenberg, J., Glare, T.R., 2010. Entomopathogenic fungi and their role in regulation of insect populations. In: Gilbert, L.I., Gill, D.S. (Eds.). Insect control: biological and synthetic agents. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 387-431.
Hirsch, J., Reineke, A., 2014. Efficiency of commercial entomopathogenic fungal species against different members of the genus Otiorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory and semi-field conditions. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 121 (5): 211-218.
Ihara, F., Toyama, M., Sato, T., 2003. Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae to the chestnut weevil larvae under laboratory and field conditions. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 38 (4): 461-465.
Ioachim, E., Bobarnac, B., 1997. Research on the hazelnut pests in Romania. Acta Horticulturae, 445: 527-537.
Işık, M., Ecevit, O., Kurt, M.A., Yücetin, T., 1987. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi fındık bahçelerinde entegre savaş olanakları üzerinde araştırmalar. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 20,95s, Samsun.
Kocacevik, S., Sevim, A., Eroglu, M., Demirbag, Z., Demir, I., 2015. Molecular characterization, virulence and horizontal transmission of Beauveria pseudobassiana from Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 139: 381-389.
Kreutz, J., Vaupel, O., Zimmermann, G., 2004. Horizontal transmission of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana among the Spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae) in the laboratory and under field conditions. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 14: 837-848.
Kushiyev, R., 2015. Fındıkta önemli yazıcı böcek türlerindeki funguslarin belirlenmesi. Yüksek lisans tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 63 s, Samsun.
Kushiyev, R., Tuncer, C., Erper, I., Saruhan. I., 2017. Effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Anisandrus dispar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). IX. International congress on Hazelnut, 152 p, 15-19 August, Atakum-Samsun/ Turkey.
Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, T., Tuncer, C., Cheng, Y., 2017. Screening of a highly pathogenic strain against Hazelnut weevil and microscopic observation on its infection process. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 39(3): 32-37.
Milenkovic, S., Mitrovic, M., 2001. Hazelnut pests in Serbia. Acta Horticulturae, 556: 403-409.
Milner, R.J., Staples, J.A., 1996. Biological control of termites: results and experiences within a CSIRO project in Australia. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6: 3-9.
Paparatti, B., Speranza, S., 2005. Biological control of Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum L., Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes). Acta Horticulturae, 686: 407-412.
Prazak, R.A., 1991. Studies on indirect infection of Trypodendron lineatum Oliv. with Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Zeitzchrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 111: 431-441.
Prazak, R.A., 1997. Laboratory evaluation of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hypomycetes) against Trypodendron lineatum Oliv. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 104: 459-465.
Pucci, C., 1992. Studies on population dynamics of Balaninus nucum L. (Col.: Cuculionidae) noxious to the hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in Northern Latium (Central Italy). Journal of Applied Entomology, 114 (1): 5-16.
Robertson, J.L., Russell, R.M., Preisler, H.K., Savin, E., 2007. Bioassays with arthropods. Second edition. CRC Press, 199p.
Roy, H.E., Steinkraus, D.C., Eilenberg J., Hajek A.E., Pell, J.K., 2006. Bizarre interactions and endgames: Entomopathogenic fungi and their arthropod hosts. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 331-57.
Saruhan, I., Erper, I., Tuncer, C., Akca, I., 2015. Efficiency of some entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents against Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(2): 273-278.
Saruhan, İ., Tuncer, C., 2001. Population densities and seasonal fluctiations of hazelnut pests in Samsun, Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 556: 495-502.
Scholte, E.J., Knols, B.J., Takken, W., 2005. A study on avoidance and repellence of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae upon exposure to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Pest Control, 16: 131-138.
Sevim, A., Demir, I., Höfte, M., Humber, R.A., Demirbag, Z., (2010). Isolation and characterization of entomopathogenic fungi from hazelnut-growing region of Turkey. Biocontrol, 59: 279-297.
Sevim, A., Sevim, E., Demirbağ, Z., 2015. Entomopatojenik fungusların genel biyolojileri ve türkiye’de zararlı böceklerin mücadelesinde kullanılma potansiyelleri. Erzincan Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8(1): 115-147.
Tuncer, C., Ecevit, O., 1997. Current status of hazelnut pests in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 445: 545-550.
Tuncer, C., Knížek, M., Hulcr. J., (2017). Scolytinae in hazelnut orchards of Turkey: clarification of species and identification key (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). ZooKeys, 710: 65-76.
Tuncer, T., Kushiyev, R., Saruhan, I., Erper, I., 2016. Entomopatojenik funguslar Metarhizium anisopliae ve Baeuveria bassiana’nın Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)’a karşı etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Türkiye VI. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 126 s, 5-8 Eylül, Konya.
Villani, M.G., Krueger, S.R., Schroeder, P.C., Consolie, F., Consolie, N.H., Prestonwilsey, L.M., Roberts, D.W., 1994. Soil application effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) behavior and survival in turf grass microcosms. Environmental Entomology, 23: 502- 513.
Zimmermann, G., 2007a. Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 17: 553-596.
Zimmermann, G., 2007b. Review on Safety of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 17: 879-920.
Zimmermann, G., 2008. The entomopathogenic fungi Isaria farinosa (formerly Paecilomyces farinosus) and the Isaria fumosorosea species complex (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus): biology, ecology and use in biological control. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 18: 865-901.