Genetik yapısı değiştirilmiş bitkiler: Dünü, bugünü ve geleceği

ÖZETıGünümüz biyoteknolojisinin bitkiler üzerinde uygulanması sonucu elde edilen genetik yapısı değiştirilmiş (GM) bitkiler, bu bitki ya da bitkisel ürünlerin üretim ve kullanımını destekleyen, karşı çıkan ya da tarafsız kalan değişik grupların oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Biyoteknoloji tarihsel gelişimi içinde değerlendirildiğinde, özellikle GM-bitkilerin klasik anlamda yapılan bitki ıslahından biraz farklı olduğu görülmektedir. Geçen 10 yıllık zaman sürecinde, önemli kültür bitkilerinin de yer aldığı GM-bitkilerin dünyadaki üretiminin giderek arttığı gözlenmektedir. Bu durum yakın bir gelecekte, bu bitkilerin ekim oranlan ile birlikte ekilen bitkilerdeki bitki çeşitliliğinin de artacağına işaret etmektedir. Diğer taraftan GM-bitki ve ürünlerinin potansiyel yararları ile kullanım risklerinin doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak tüm insanlığı etkileyeceği düşünüldüğünde, bu konuda yapılan tartışmaların bilimsel boyuttayapılması ve kamuoyunun bilimsel gerçeklerle bilgilendirilmesi gereği ve gerçeği de ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, GM-bitkilerin kullanım terminolojisi yanında, geçmişi, günümüzdeki durumu ve gelecekte sağlayacağı potansiyel yararlar ile taşıyabileceği riskler konusundaki değişik görüşleri kapsamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

biyoteknoloji, genetik, transgenik bitkiler

Genetically modified crops: Past, present and future

There are various consumer attitudes including proponents, opponents, and having no opinion about genetically modified (GM) plants and their products generated by application of today's biotechnology to crop plants. Considiring historical progress of the biotechnology, it seems that genetically modified plants are little different than plants developed by conventional plant breeding. GM-plant production including several important crop plants has been significantly increased during the last decade. This indicates that proportion of global planting area and varieties of GM-plants planted will increase in the near future. On the other hand, when we consider all potantial benefits and risks of GM plants, consumption of these plants and their products will result direct or indirect effects to all man kind. Therefore, debate about the potantial benefits and risk of GM-plants has to be done on the scientific platforms but general public concerns about the value of biotechnology need to be adequately addressed. The aim of this paper is to introduce used terminology, past, present and future of GM-plants and to give a brief summary about the potential risks and benefits of these crops.

Keywords:

biotechnology, genetics, transgenic plants,

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