İsmail ERPER, Rahman KUSHIYEV, Elif YILDIRIM, Muharrem TURKKAN, Celal TUNCER

Determination of efficacy of some fungicides used in hazelnut orchards against Ambrosiella hartigii Batra symbiotically associated with Anisandrus dispar Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under laboratory conditions

Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) beslenmek amacıyla konukçu ağaçların odun dokusunda açtıkları galerilerde simbiyoitk fungus Ambrosiella hartigii Batra’yı yetiştirmektedir. Bu nedenle simbiyotik fungusun kontrol edilmesi A. dispar'ı bir besin kaynağından mahrum etmek anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada fındık bahçelerinde fındık külleme hastalığına neden olan Erysiphe corylacearum’a karşı kullanılan boscalid+kresoxim methyl, fluopyram+tebuconazole, kükürt, penconazole ve tetraconazole etkili maddeli beş fungisitin beş dozunun (0.25x, 0.5x, 1.0x, 2.0x ve 4.0x; buradaki x üretici firma tarafından tavsiye edilen dozu ifade etmektedir) laboratuvar şartlarında A. hartigii (TR-Ah-06 izolatı) üzerindeki etkinliği test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, fungisitlerin tüm dozları kontrol ile kıyaslandığında bu fungusun misel gelişmesini önemli derecede engellemiştir (P<0.05). Bunlar arasında en düşük dozdaki fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole ve tetraconazole fungusun misel gelişmesini tamamen inhibe etmiştir. Ayrıca, boscalid+kresoxim methyl’in dozlarının artmasına bağlı olarak A. hartigii’nin misel gelişmesi %29.56-100 arasında azalmıştır. Kükürtün dozlarının artmasına bağlı olarak bu fungusun misel gelişmesi ise %78.57-100 oranında engellenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole ve tetraconazole’nin ED50, MIC ve MFC değerleri en düşük dozdan bile düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar bu fungisitlerin özellikle fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole ve tetraconazole'nin A. hartigii'ye karşı oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Determination of efficacy of some fungicides used in hazelnut orchards against Ambrosiella hartigii Batra symbiotically associated with Anisandrus dispar Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under laboratory conditions

Anisandrus dispar Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) cultivate symbiotic fungus Ambrosiella hartigii Batra in the galleries found in sapwood of host trees for feeding. Therefore, controlling the symbiotic fungus means depriving A. dispar of a source of food. In the study, the efficacy of five doses (0.25x, 0.5x, 1.0x, 2.0x and 4.0x; where x is the field rate recommended by the manufacturer) of five fungicides including active ingredients of boscalid+kresoxim methyl, fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole, sulphur and tetraconazole used in hazelnut orchards against powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum was evaluated against A. hartigii (TR-Ah-06 isolate) under laboratory conditions. The results of the study showed that all doses of the fungicides significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. hartigii when compared to the control (P<0.05). Among them, fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole and tetraconazole even at the lowest dose completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus. However, the mycelial growth was reduced at the rates of 29.56-100% depending on the increasing doses of boscalid+kresoxim methyl. Sulphur inhibited the mycelial growth of A. hartigii at the rates of 78.57-100% depending on the increasing doses. In addition, the ED50, MIC and MFC values of fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole and tetraconazole were determined to be lower even than the 0.25x, which was the lowest dose at the experiment. The results showed that the fungicides, especially fluopyram+tebuconazole, penconazole and tetraconazole were effective against A. hartigii.

Keywords:

Alternative control, Ambrosia beetles, Fungicides, Hazelnut, Symbiotic fungi,

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