Characterization of soil profile development on different landscape in semi-arid region of Turkey a case study: Ankara-Soğulca Catchment

Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin yarı kurak bölgesinde yer alan Ankara Soğulca Havzasında toprak profil gelisimi ile arazi şekli arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma alanında yaygın jeolojik materyaller marn, kireç taşı ve kum taşıdır. Soğulca Havzasının doğu batı doğrultusunda yapılan kesit çalışmasında altı pedon incelenmiştir. Toprakların oluşumlarında topografik pozisyonların toprakların morfolojik, fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerinde etkili oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, eğim derecesinin yamaç araziler üzerinde yer alan PI, PII ve PV pedonlarının toprak oluşum işlemleri üzerine önemli faktörlerden birisi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çünkü topografya veya rölyef topraktan suyun ve diğer maddelerin eklenmesi veya uzaklaşmasınının sağlanmasında etkilidir. Bu topraklar oluşumlarının minimum seviyelerde olmaları nedeniyle genç topraklar olarak tanımlanmakta ve Entisol/Leptosol olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Ayrıca, taban arazi pozisyonunda ve alluviyal depozitler üzerinde olusan pedon VI, Typic Xerofluvent/Eutric Fluvisol zayıf toprak profil gelişimine sahiptir. Plato düzlüğü üzerinde oluşmuş Inceptisol/Cambisol ve Calcisol (PIII and PIV) en ileri toprak oluşum seviyesine sahiptirler. Inceptisollerin önemli yüzey altı tanı horizonları olarak cambic ve calcic horizonlar tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma lokal alanlarda arazi şekillerinin toprak oluşumu ve gelişmesinde gerek doğrudan gerekse de dolaylı olarak kuvvetli etkilerinin olduğunu açıkça göstermiştir.

Türkiye'nin yarıkurak bölgesinde farklı arazi şekilleri üzerinde toprak profil gelişiminin özellikleri pilot çalışma; Ankara-Soğulca Havzası

The main objective of this research was to determine the relations between soil profile development and landscape in Ankara-Sogulca Catchment located in the semiarid region of Turkey. Dominant geological materials are marl, lime stone and sand stone in the study area. Six soil pedons were examined by field investigation on along transect (crosswise from East to West direction) of the Sogulca Catchment. Soil formations were highly associated with topographic positions which have influence on morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of the soils. Therefore, slope degree has been regarded as one of the most important factors that controls the pedogenic process on PI, PII and PV located on hillslope positions. Because, topography or relief affects how water and other material are added to and removed from soils. Thus, they can be defined as young soils due to minimum soil formation and classified as Entisol/Leptosol. In addition, pedon VI, Typic Xerofluvent/Eutric Fluvisol, formed on toeslope position and alluvial deposit has less soil profile development. Inceptisol/Cambisol and Calcisol (PIII and PIV) formed on plateau position had the greatest degree of pedogenesis. It was determined that main subsurface diagnostic horizons of Inceptisol are cambic and calcic horizons. This study clearly showed that landscape position strongly affects soil pedogenetic development either directly or indirectly in the local region.

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