Gürkan A. K. GÜRDİL, K. Çağatay SELVİ, Jan MALAT'AK, Petr VACULIK

Mechanical processing of solid biofuels

Son zamanlarda katı bio-yakıtlar alternatif enerji kaynağı olarak tercih edilmektedir. Bu konu Türkiye’de henüz yeteri kadar popüler olmamasına rağmen, tarımsal atıklar açısından ülkemizde bu anlamda büyük bir potansiyel bulunmaktadır. Dünya genelinde fosil yakıt rezervlerinin azalması ile birlikte özellikle gıda özelliği taşımayan tarımsal ürünlerden enerji elde etme çabaları için yapılan araştırmalar çok önem kazanmıştır. Bitkilerden ve tarımsal atıklardan elde edilen bio-yakıt malzemelerinin mekanik olarak işlenmesinde genelde iki yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bunlar peletleme ve briketleme yöntemleridir. Peletleme işleminde gevsek materyal sıkıştırılmış hale dönüştürülmektedir. Uygulanan basınç ve ısıl işlem sonucunda çapları 3 ile 30 mm olan pelet materyalinin yoğunluğu 10 katına kadar arttırılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, briketleme işleminde ise bazı katı bio yakıt materyaller yüksek basınç altında sıkıştırılmaktadır. Briketleme işleminde temel parametre, ürünün bio kütle olarak sıkıştırılmasında önemli olan nem içeriğidir. Eğer materyalin nem içeriği % 20’den fazla olursa sıkıştırma ünitesindeki bio kütle istenilen boyutlarda olmayacak ve yapılan briketler dağılacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bu tip bio-yakıt malzemelerin mekaniksel işlenmesi hakkında genel bilgiler vermektir.

Katı bioyakıt malzemelerin mekanik işlenmesi

Solid biofuels are preferred as alternative source of energy in recent years. Although it’s not yet popular in Turkey but, there’s a big potential concerning agricultural residues. With the depletion of fossil fuels world wide researches for alternative energy sources, especially efforts for obtaining the energy from agricultural non-food products became important. Generally, two methods are used in mechanical processing of biofules obtained from plants and agricultural residues. These are pelleting and briquetting methods. In the pelleting process loose material is converted to compressed material. As a result of the pressure and heat applied to the substances, the density of the material is increased by a factor of up to 10, in pellets with diameters of 3 up to 30mm. However, briquetting is a process where some type of solid biofuel materials is compressed under high pressure. In the basic briquetting, input parameter is the moisture content, which is important for the pressing of materials as biomass. If the moisture content of material exceeds 20 %, the biomass in the pressing chamber will not be in the desired size and the briquettes will break up. The goal of this work is to give general information on mechanical processing methods of these types of biofuels.

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