Elif Aktan MUTLU, A. Ender ALTINTOPRAK, Levent TOKUÇOĞLU

Seroprevalence of hepatitits B, hepatitits C, HIV, and syphilis infections among non-injecting drug users

Amaç: Damar içi madde enjekte etmek bazı enfeksiyöz hastalıklara yakalanmak için belirgin risk etkeni iken, damar dışı yollarla madde kullanan kullanıcılarının da genel popülasyondan, riskli davranış biçimlerine bağlı olarak, daha fazla riske sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışma damar dışı yollardan madde kullanan bir örneklemde anti HIV, anti HCV, HBsAg ve VDRL yaygınlığını ölçmeyi hedeflemektedir. Yöntem: Psikiyatri kliniğimize Nisan 2010 - Nisan 2011 arasında başvuran madde kullanıcılarının tıbbi kayıtları incelenmiş, 55 damar dışı yollarla madde kulla-nan ve damardan hiç madde kullanmamış olan kullanıcılar tanımlanmıştır. Anti HIV, anti HCV, HBsAg ve VDRL ölçümleri çıkarılmış ve seroprevelans oranları hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar: Damar dışı yollarla madde kullanan kullanıcıların çoğu erkek (s=54, 98.2%); 28'i ise (50.9%) 15-25 yaş arasındadır. Serolojik olarak sadece 1 hasta (eroin kullanıcısı) HBsAg açısından pozitifti (1.8%) ve 1 hasta da (eroin kullanıcısı) anti-HCV pozitifti. Hiçbir hastada anti HIV veya VDRL pozitif olarak gözlenmedi. Tartışma: Bu çalışma bize damar dışı yollarla madde kullanan kullanıcı grubunda anti HIV, anti HCV, HBsAg ve VDRL seropozitivite oranlarının düşük olduğunu, bunun da bölgenin karakteristik kültürel yapısı ile ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Damar dışı yollardan madde kullanıcılarında hepatit B, hepatit C, HIV ve sifiliz enfeksiyonlarının yaygınlığı

Background: While injection drug use is clearly a significant risk factor for the acquisition of certain infectious diseases, non-injection drug users (NIDUs) may also have higher risk than the general population, due to their involvement in risky behaviors. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of anti-HIV, anti-HCV, and HBsAg and VDRL seropositivity among a sample of non-injecting drug users. Methods: Medical records of the drug users who attended to our psychiatry clinics between April 2010 and April 2011 were reviewed and 55 non-injecting drug users without a previous history of intravenous drug use were identified. Anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBs-Ag and VDRL assay results have been extracted and seroprevalence rates were calculated. Results: All but one NIDUs were male (n=54; 98.2%); 28 (50.9%) were between 15 and 25 years of age. Serologically, only one patient (a heroin user) was tested positive for HBsAg (1.8%) and one patient (a heroin user) was anti-HCV positive. None of the patients screened for anti-HIV or VDRL were tested positive. Conclusions: This study found low seropositivity rates for HBV, HBC, HIV and VDRL among a group of NIDUs, which might be related to the cultural characteristics of the region.

PDF

___

Neaigus A, Gyarmathy VA, Zhao M, Miller M, Friedman SR, Des Jarlais DC. Sexual and other noninjection risks for HBV and HCV seroconversions among noninjecting heroin users. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:1052-1061.
Strang J, Griffiths P, Powis B, Gossop M. First use of heroin: changes in route of administration over time. BMJ 1992; 304:1222-1223.
Marel R, Galea J, Smith RB. New York City: Drug use trends in New York City. NIDA Community epidemiology work group. http://archives.drugabuse.gov/pdf/cewg/Vol2_603.pdf.
Camoni L, Regine V, Salfa MC, Nicoletti G, Canuzzi P, Magliocchetti N, et al. Continued high prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV among injecting and noninjecting drug users in Italy. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2010; 46:59-65.
Howe CJ, Fuller CM, Ompad DC, Galea S, Koblin B, Thomas D, et al. Association of sex, hygiene and drug equipment sharing with hepatitis C virus infection among non-injecting drug users in New York City. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 79:389-395.
Scheinmann R, Hagan H, Lelutiu-Weinberger C, Stern R, Des Jarlais DC, Flom PL, et al. Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 89:1-12.
Wu J, Huang J, Xu D, Lu C, Deng X, Zhou X. Infection status and risk factors of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis among drug users in Guangdong, China--a cross- sectional study. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:657.
Brogly SB, Bruneau J, Vincelette J, Lamothe F, Franco EL. Risk behaviour change and HIV infection among injection drug users in Montreal. AIDS 2000; 14(Suppl.16):2575-2582.
McCoy CB, Metsch LR, Chitwood DD, Shapshak P, Comerford ST. Parenteral transmission of HIV among injection drug users: assessing the frequency of multi- person use of needles, syringes, cookers, cotton and water. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998; 18(Suppl.1):S25-S29.
Armstrong GL, Wasley A, Simard EP, McQuillan GM, Kuhnert WL, Alter MJ. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144:705-714.
Tortu S, Neaigus A, McMahon J, Hagen D. Hepatitis C among noninjecting drug users: a report. Subst Use Misuse 2001; 36:523-534.
Dilek I, Demir C, Bay A, Akdeniz H, Öner AF. Seroposi- tivity rates of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and VDRL in blood donors in Eastern Turkey. Turk J Hematol 2007; 24:4-7.
Oner S, Yapıcı G, Sasmaz CT, Kurt AO, Bugdayci R. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and VDRL seroprevalence of blood donors in Mersin, Turkey. Turk J Med Sci 2011; 41:335-341.
Mirsal H, Kalyoncu OA, Pektas O, Tan D, Beyazyürek M. The prevalance of hepatitis B, C and HIV seropositivity among inpatient IV heroin users. Bagimlilik Dergisi 2003; 4:10-14.
Fabris P, Baldo V, Baldovin T, Bellott E, Rassu M, Trivello R, et al. Changing epidemiology of HCV and HBV infec- tions in Northern Italy: a survey in the general popula- tion. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 42:527-532.
Campollo O, Roman S, Panduro A, Hernandez G, Diaz- Barriga L, Balanzario MC, et al. Non-injection drug use and hepatitis C among drug treatment clients in west central Mexico. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 123:269- 272.
Santos-Lopez G, Sosa-Jurado F, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Melen- dez-Mena D, Reyes-Leyva J. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in the Mexican population: a systematic review. J Infect 2008; 56:281-290.
World Drug Report, 2011. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/ en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2011.html.