SELMA TURAL HESAPÇIOĞLU, Habibe YEŞİLOVA

Lise öğrencilerinin zorbalığa ve zorbalara ilişkin duyguları, düşünceleri ve tutumları

Amaç: Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin okullardaki zorbalık ve zorbalarla ilgili düşünceleri, zorbalığın yaşamları ve okul ilgileri üzerine etkileri, maruz kalınan veya uygulanan zorbalık şekilleri gibi etmenlerin öğrencilerin bakış açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Toplam 1432 öğrenci akran zorbalığı anketini doldurmuştur. Bu anket, zorbalığa uğrayanlara yönelik, zorbalığa uğrama çeşitleri ve sıklığı, zorbalığa nerede ve ne zaman uğrandığı, zorba- lık yapanın kim olduğu, zorbalığa ilişkin duygular ve uğrayanın sonrasında ne yaptığı, neler hissettiği gibi soruları içermektedir. Bunun ardından zorbalara ilişkin ne tür zorbalık yaptıkları, hangi sıklıkta yaptıkları, zorbalık yaptıktan sonra neler hissettikleri, zorbalık yapma nedenlerine ilişkin sorular gelmektedir. Üçüncü aşamada okulda zorbalık ve okul iklimine yönelik sorular yer almaktadır. Sonuç: Olguların %27.7si okullarında zorbalığın çok ciddi bir sorun olduğunu, %54.7si okulda yaşanan zorbalıklardan çok rahatsız olduğunu, %21.3ü zorbalar yüzünden okula gelmekten korktuklarını belirtmiştir. Zorbalığa uğrayanların %27.3ü kıskanıldığı için zorbalığa maruz kaldığını, zorbalık yapanların %42.8i hak ettikleri için zorbalık yaptıklarını belirtmiştir. En sık maruz kalınan ve yapılan zorbalık şekli sözel zorbalık, ikinci sırada ise fiziksel zorbalıktır. En sık zorbalığa maruz kalınan yer sınıflardır (%47.0). Öğrenciler öğretmenlere ve okul yöneticilerine yaşadıkları bu durumu nadiren aktardıklarını belirtmiştir. Yorum: Günümüz eğitim sisteminde önemli sorunlardan biri olan zorbalık bazı öğrencilerin yaşamını daha fazla etkilemek- tedir. Bu noktada okulun iklimi, okul yönetiminin okuldaki akran zorbalığı ile ilgili müdahaleleri önem kazanmaktadır. Lise öğrencilerinde bu sorunu okul idaresi ile paylaşım oranları oldukça düşüktür. Okul yönetiminin ve rehberlik servislerinin gençleri daha fazla bilgilendirmesi ve işbirliğine girme konusunda gençleri cesaretlendirmesine gereksi- nim vardır. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2015; 16(4):284-293)

Feelings, thoughts and attitudes of high school students toward school bullying and the bullies

Objective: To evaluate factors like thoughts toward bullying and bullies, effects of bullying on their lives and school interests, types of bullying which they exposed to or applied in view of high school students. Methods: Total 1432 students completed Bullying Questionnaire. In this questionnaire it is asking to victims: types and frequency of bullying which they exposed to, where, when and by who they exposed to, what they felt and done after bullying, what they feel about bullying in generally. Then it is asking to bullies: types and frequency of -bullying which they applied, what they felt after bullied others, why they bully others. In the third level there are questions about bullying in schools and school climate. Results: %27.7 of the participants declared that bullying is a very important problem in their schools, %54.7 feel indisposed because of bullying in their schools, %21.3 afraid to come to school because of bullies. %27.3 of the victims declared that they exposed to bullying because of jealousy. %42.8 of the bullies declared that they bully others because others deserve punishment. Type of bullying which most exposed and applied is verbal bullying; second frequent type is physical bullying. Most of students exposed to bullying in the classrooms (%47.0). Students implied that they seldom communicate with their teachers and school directors about bullying which they exposed to in schools. Comment: Bullying is one of the challenging problems in recent education system, affects some students lives more than others. In this point school climate and interventions of school direction about bullying become important. Rates of sharing this matter with school directors are low between high school students. The needs of school directors and teachers guidance, counseling and encouragement to students for collaboration about bullying are coming out. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2015; 16(4):284-293)

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