Rhizoctonia solanı'nin fungal antagonistlerinin belirlenmesi üzerine araştırmalar

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de mikroorganizma varlığı yönünden farklı olabileceği düşünülen dokuz farklı bölgeden alınan toprak örneklerinden, farklı yöntemler kullanılarak R. solani Kühn’nın fungal antagonistlerinin izole edilmesi ve etkilerinin in-vitro testlerle kanıtlanmasıdır. Azolatların antagonistik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için, ikili kültür yöntemi kullanılmış; patojen kolonisinin üzerinde gelişme gösteren veya onun gelişimini engelleyen izolatlar antagonist olarak seçilmiştir. Seçilmiş izolatlar, besleyici değeri 10 kez zayıflatılmış PDA ortamında yine patojenle karşılıklı olarak geliştirilmiş; mikroskopik incelemede patojen hiflerini saran ve penetre edenler mikoparazitik etkili antagonistler olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada R. solani’ ye karsı antagonistik etkili olduğu saptanan 320 izolattan 257 tanesinin 14 farklı Trichoderma türüne ait olduğu belirlenmiş ve bunlar T. asperellum Samuels, Lieckf.& Nirenberg, T. atroviride Bissett., T. crassum Bissett., T. croceum Bissett , T. gamsii Samuels & Druzhin , T. hamatum (Bonard.) Bainer, T. harzianum Rifai, T. inhamatum Veerkamp & W. Gams, T. neokoningii Samuels & Soberanis, T. spirale Bissett, T. strigosum Bissett, T. tomentosum Bissett, T. virens J.H., Mill., Giddens & A.A Foster ve T. viride Pers. olarak tanılanmıştır. Bu türlerden T. harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum ve T. virens (= G. virens) dısındaki 10 Trichoderma türü Türkiye için ilk kayıttır. T. crassum, T. croceum, T. gamsii, T. inhamatum, T. neokoningii, T. strigosum ve T. tomentosum’un Rhizoctonia’nın antagonisti olduğu da ilk kez bu çalışma ile ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Rhizoctonia, Rhizoctonia solani, antagonistler, fungal antagonistler, in vitro, patates, toprak biyolojisi

Studies on determination of fungal antagonists of rhizoctonia solani

The objectives of this study were to isolate the fungal antagonists of R. solani Kühn by using several techniques to determine their antagonistic efficacy towards this pathogen in vitro. All of the antagonistic isolates used in this study were obtained from soil samples collected from nine different localities in Turkey. Interferences between R. solani and potential antagonists were studied in dual cultures. The two colonies were grown in juxtaposition to each other. Hyperparasitic isolates growing through R. solani colonies and covering it completely, or exhibiting high antibiotic activity against the pathogen were taken up for further investigations. Selected isolates and R. solani were grown on ten fold diluted PDA in juxtaposition to each other. After the colonies made contact, the mode of parasitism was investigated by using light microscopy. The 85 % of the total antagonistic isolates (320) obtained in this study were determined to be belonging to 14 Trichoderma spp. Among them T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. crassum, T. croceum, T. gamsii, T. inhamatum, T. neokoningii, T. spirale, T. strigosum and T. tomentosum were isolated for the first time in Turkey. Furthermore, there seems to be no information so far, about the antagonistic activity of T. crassum, T. croceum, T. gamsii, T. inhamatum, T. neokoningii, T. strigosum and T. tomentosum against Rhizoctonia at all. Using light microscopy, tight coiling by the mycoparasite around the R. solani hyphae could be observed. Tips of the hyphal branches often invaded the host by direct penetration.

Keywords:

Rhizoctonia, Rhizoctonia solani, antagonists, fungal antagonists, in vitro, potatoes, soil biology,

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