Birsen ÇAKIR AYDEMİR, Müge ŞAHİN, Ayşe GÜL, Hatice ÖZAKTAN, Lalehan YOLAGELDİ

Pseudomonas putida, domates bitkilerinde savunma ile ilgili genlerin ekspresyonunu aktive ederek Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici'ye karşı direnci indüklemesi

Bitki büyümesini teşvik eden rizobakteriler (PGPR), indüklenmiş sistemik direnci (ISR) sağlayarak patojenik mikroorganizmaların saldırısını önleyebilir. Mevcut çalışmada, P. putida izolatı TR21/1, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) ile enfekte olmuş domates fidelerinin önemli ölçüde biyolojik kontrolünü sağlamıştır. Burada SA-yanıt veren genler PR-1, PR-4, PR-6 ve CH9 ISR'nin P. putida streyn TR21/1 tarafından indüklenmesi üzerine ifadeleri baskılanmış ve bakterili domates kökleri Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici ile enfekte edildiğinde bu genlerin ifadeleri indüklenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, SAR'ın SA'ya yanıt veren genlerin birikimini içerdiğini ancak ISR'nin içermediğini göstermiştir. Benzer şekilde, ACO1, ACO3, ACO4 gibi ET tarafından düzenlenen genlerin ifadeleri, ISR gösteren domates köklerinde indüklenmemiş ve P. putida uygulaması, sadece ACO2 ekspresyonunu indüklemiştir. Buna karşılık, ISR gösteren bitkilerin FORL ile enfeksiyonu, ACO3, ACO2 ve ACO1 genlerinin ifadelerini güçlü bir şekilde indüklemesi FORL saldırısına yanıt olarak olası bir etilen sentezi ile ilgili ACO genlerinin transkripsiyonel düzenlemesini gösterir. Burada P. putida uygulaması köklerde ETR1 geninin ifadesini indüklemiş ve FORL ile inokülasyon bu genin ifadesinin indüksiyonunu daha da artırmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, ETR1'in etilen duyarlılığını azaltarak bitkilerin FORL'e karşı korunmasında rol oynadığını göstermiştir. FORL varlığında bakteri uygulanmış bitkilerde SA ve ET tarafından düzenlenen genlerin aktivasyonu, sadece SA'nın değil, diğer sinyallerin de direncin indüklenmesinde önemli bir rol oynayabileceği anlamına gelmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pseudomonas putida, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), Sistemik kazanılmış direnç (SAR), indüklenmiş sistemik direnç (ISR), gen ekspresyonu

Pseudomonas putida induces resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in tomato plants by activating expression of defense-related genes

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may prevent attack from pathogenic microorganisms by eliciting induced systemic resistance (ISR). In the present work, Pseudomonas putida isolate TR21/1 showed significant biological control of tomato seedlings inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). Here, the SA-responsive genes PR-1, PR-4, PR-6 and CH9 were downregulated upon induction of ISR by P. putida strain TR21/1 and induced when bacterized tomato roots were inoculated with FORL. This indicates that SAR involves the accumulation of SA-responsive genes but ISR does not. Similarly, expression of ET-regulated genes such as ACO1, ACO3, ACO4 were not induced in ISR-expressing tomato roots and P. putida treatment induced only ACO2 expression suggesting that ACO2 expression is involved in ISR-expressing tomato seedlings. In contrast, the infection of ISR expressing plants by FORL strongly induced ACO3, ACO2, and ACO1 indicating the transcriptional regulation of ACO genes in response to FORL attack which may be related to possible ethylene synthesis in response to pathogen. Here P. putida treatment increased ETR1 gene expression in roots and this induction was upregulated in presence of FORL indicating that ETR1 plays a role in the protection of plants against FORL by reducing ethylene sensitivity. Activation of SA-and ET- regulated genes in bacterized plants in the presence of FORL implies that not only SA but other signals as well, may play an important role in inducing resistance.

Keywords:

Pseudomonas putida, systemic acquired resistance (SAR), induced systemic resistance (ISR), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), gene expression,

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