ŞULE ÖZSOY BOYUNSUZ

290124

Siyasi Parti Sistemlerine Göre Başkanlık Rejiminin Türleri

Hükümet sistemlerini kurumsal ve davranışsal dinamiklere göre tanımlamak, sınıflandırmak ve alt gruplara ayırmak mümkündür. Bu dinamiklerden özellikle siyasi parti sistemleri ayıraç işlevi görebilecek düzeyde sistemlerin işleyişine etki etmektedirler. Makalenin konusu siyasi parti sistemlerini bir ayıraç olarak ele alarak başkanlık sistemlerini sınıflandırmak ve işleyişlerini değerlendirmektedir. Bu bakımdan başkanlık sistemleri tek partili, iki partili ve çok partili olmak üzere üç ana başlık altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bunlardan tek partili olanlar genellikle Afrika'da ortaya çıkmakta, demokrasi açısından sıkıntılı patronlu hiper-başkanlık rejimlerine dönüşmektedir. En bilinen örneği ABD'de karşımıza çıkan iki partili başkanlık rejimi ise bölünmüş hükümet yapısı yaratarak demokrasi açısından elverişli ancak yönetme kolaylığı açısından karmaşık sonuçlara yol açmaktadır. Çok partili model ise ya azınlık hükümetleri yahut "koalisyonlu başkanlık" yapıları oluşumuna neden olmakta; koalisyonlar polarizasyon, siyasi kırılma ve kurumsallaşma seviyesine göre demokratik gelişmeye el vermektedir

Classification of Presidential Systems by Political Party Structures

Governmental systems can be defined and classified into main and sub groups by institutional and behavioural dynamics. These dynamics, especially political party structures affect the way constitutional systems work. This paper aims to classify presidential system by using political party structures as an institutional dynamic and also taking other dynamics into account to evaluate unique features created by it. The writer divides presidential systems into three sub groups: one party, two party and pluralist systems. One party system often occurs in Africa, and helps creation of semidemocratic or autocratic patronal hyper-presidential regimes. Two party system, also known as the USA type of presidentialism, creates divided governments with high level of democracy but requires equally high levels of political talent to govern as it is difficult and complicated to administer in that divided structure. Finally multiparty presidentialism triggers minority governments or coalitions. This type of coalitional presidentialism works under the influence of political polarisation, political parties' levels of fragmentations and institutionalisation

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Amme İdaresi Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-1795
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1968
  • Yayıncı: -
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Siyasi Parti Sistemlerine Göre Başkanlık Rejiminin Türleri

ŞULE ÖZSOY BOYUNSUZ