TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN DIŞ POLİTİKA ARACI OLARAK EKONOMİK YAPTIRIM UYGULAMALARI: İRAN VE VENEZUELA ÖRNEĞİ

Soğuk Savaş’ın bitmesiyle Doğu Bloku’ndaki çözülmeler sonucu, neoliberal ekonomik ilişkiler savaş tehdidinin yerine geçerek dış politika yapımında farklı araçlar kullanılmaya başlandı. Devletlerin revizyonist tavrı ve savaşın kazanan ve kaybeden taraflar için büyük maddi külfet olması nedeniyle, ekonomik yaptırımlar bir dış politika aracı olarak daha cazip hale geldi. Bu çalışmada, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) Başkan Donald Trump yönetimindeki ekonomik yaptırım uygulamaları ve sonuçları tartışılmaktadır. Başkanlık kararnameleri ile İran ve Venezuela’ya yönelik uygulanan yaptırımlarda kısa ve uzun vadede elde edilen fayda veya zararların neler olduğu incelenmektedir. Örneklerle incelendiğinde, Trump yönetiminin yaptırım politikasının doğru planlanıp sonuçlarının düzgün hesaplanmadığı ve hedef ülkeleri uluslararası arenada izole ettiği görülmektedir. Uzun vadeli yaptırımların ABD ile müttefikleri arasında görüş ayrılıklarına sebep olmakta, hedef ülkelerde direnç mekanizmaları oluşturmakta, toplumda ise açlık ve göç gibi insani ve bölgesel sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kısa vadeli ve doğru planlanmış ekonomik yaptırımların hedeflenen amaca ulaşmakta daha etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

ECONOMIC SANCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS AS A FOREIGN POLICY TOOL BY THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION: THE CASES OF IRAN AND VENEZUELA

By the end of the Cold War, as a result of the dissolution in the Eastern Bloc, neoliberal economic relations replaced the threat of war and different tools began to be used in the foreign policy making process. The revisionist attitude of the states and the serious calculation of the costs of war for both winners and losers made economic sanctions more attractive as a foreign policy tool. In this study, economic sanction practices and consequences of the United States are discussed during President Donald Trump administration. Executive orders and sanctions imposed on Iran and Venezuela cases are examined in terms of short and long-term benefit or losses. Having looked through the cases, it is seen that the Trump administration’s sanction policy is not well-planned and has not calculated the results neatly and isolated the target countries in the international arena. Long term economic sanctions cause severance of relationships among the United States and its allies, lead to the emergence of resistance mechanisms at the target countries, result in humanitarian and regional crises such as hunger and migration. Short-term and well-planned economic sanctions are more effective in achieving the desired result.

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