Düşük sıcaklıkların tohum çimlenmesi üzerine etkileri

Tarımsal açıdan öneme sahip bitkilerde hızlı ve birörnek tohum çimlenmesi ve fide çıkışı elde etmek bitkisel üretimi ve verimliliği artırmanın ilk ve en önemli aşamalarından birini teşkil etmektedir. Ancak, doğrudan tohum ekimi yöntemi ile yetiştirilen sıcak iklim bitkilerinde düşük sıcaklık bu amaca ulaşmada karşılaşılan en önemli sorunlardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Düşük sıcaklıklara maruz kalan bitkilerde görülen üşüme zararı 0 ile 15 °C arasındaki sıcaklıklarda ortaya çıkan fizyolojik bir bozukluk olup bu zarara uğramış bitkiler üşüme zararına gösterdikleri hassasiyet bakımından ‘hassas’ ve ‘dayanıklı’ bitkiler olarak iki ana gruba ayrılmaktadırlar. Bu bitkilerin üşüme zararına gösterdikleri hassasiyet tohumların bulundukları çevresel faktörler ile tohumun kendisinden kaynaklanan genotipe bağlı faktörler olarak değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu makalede yukarıda bahsedilen faktörler genel hatları ile ele alınarak, üşüme zararının oluşma mekanizması ile bu zararın önlenmesinde halen var olan ve yeni geliştirilen yöntemler ile biyoteknolojinin bu alanda sağlayacağı potansiyel katkılar tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

tohum işlemleri, üşüme hasarı, çimlenme, işlemeye hazırlama, tohum kaplama, tohum çimlenmesi, tohum kabuğu

The effects of chilling temperatures on seed germination

Rapid seed germination or seedling emergence is a prerequisite for increased yield and profitability; however, low temperatures present a major limitation to achieve this goal for direct-seeded warm season agronomic and horticultural crops. Chilling injury is a physiological disorder that occurs at temperatures between 0 and 15 °C. Plants may be divided into tolerant or sensitive species, depending on their susceptibility to chilling injury. The degree of injury is dependent on both environmental and seed-related factors. This review will focus on these factors, the mechanisms of injury and the methods to alleviate the injury.

Keywords:

seed treatment, chilling injury, germination, priming, seed dressings, seed germination, testas,

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