Farklı potasyum gübre formları ve oranlarının brokoli bitkisinin kadmiyum alımı üzerine etkileri

Öz Kadmiyum, yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunduğunda bitki, hayvan ve insanlara toksik etkisi olan bir elementtir. Toprak ve bitkilerde kadmiyumun (Cd) birikiminin olması nedeniyle dokularında 3 mg kg-1’dan fazla Cd içeren bitkileri düzenli olarak tüketen insanlarda Cd’un toksik etkileri görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, dünya genelinde topraklarda ve bitkilerde Cd’un birikiminin boyutları ve bitkilerde birikiminin azaltılmasına yönelik araştırmalar hızla artmaktadır. Bu araştırma, sera koşullarında brokoli (Brassica oleracea italica) bitkisine farklı potasyumlu (KCl, K2SO4 ve KNO3) gübrelerin 4 farklı dozda (0, 200, 600 ve 1800 mg kg-1) uygulanmasıyla bitkinin Cd alımı üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Potasyumun Cl-, NO3- ve SO4-2 formlarında ve (0, 200, 600 ve 1800 mg kg-1) uygulandığı dozlarda yeşil aksama Cd taşınması tüm dozlarda kontrole göre artmıştır. Artan dozlarda KCl uygulanmalarının tamamında K’un NO3- ve SO4-2 formlarına göre kontrole göre kuru madde verimini azaltırken yeşil aksam Cd alımını arttırmıştır. Kadmiyumun 2.5 mg kg-1 ve K’un 1800 mg kg-1 Cl-, NO3- ve SO4-2 formları uygulandığında, kuru madde verimleri 2.3, 2.41, 2.36 g bitki-1 olduğu ve yeşil aksam Cd alımlarının ise sırasıyla 23.9, 18.4 ve 17.9 mg kg-1 olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu araştırmada, Cl- anyonunun NO3- ve SO4-2 anyonlarına göre brokoli (Brassica oleracea italica) bitkisinin yeşil aksamında Cd alımının daha fazla olması muhtemelen Cd-Cl kompleksinin Cd absorbsiyonuna katıldığını göstermektedir. Bu sonucunda da topraklarda Cd+2 'nın biyoyararlığını artırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Cd kontamine olmuş topraklara potasyumlu gübre uygularken formların ve oranların dikkate alınması gerekliği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Potasyumlu gübreler, anyon, kadmiyum alımı, brokoli

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