Enerjinin Güvenlikleştirilmesinin Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Örneklemi

Enerjinin Güvenlikleştirilmesinin Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Örneklemi PINAR AKGÜL Öz Artan enerji talebi yeni enerji yollarının ve tedarikçilerinin önemini arttırmıştır. Alternatif zengin enerji tedarikçileri ve yolları Karadeniz Bölgesinin de önemini arttırmıştır. Güvenlikleştirme kavramından ilham alarak, bu çalışma Karadeniz bölgesini oluşturan ülkeler arasındaki enerji ilişkilerini çalışacaktır. Çalışmada, her ne kadar bölgedeki tüm ülkeler ikili ilişkilerinde enerji arzı ve talebini güvenlikleştirmeye eğilimli olsalar da, güvenlikleştirme derecesi ülkeden ülkeye değişmektedir, görüşü savunulacaktır. Rusya ve bazı eski-Sovyetler Birliği üyesi devletler enerjiyi güvenlikleştirirken, Türkiye enerjiyi dışpolika aracı olarak görmekte ve diğer ülkelerle ilişkilerinde enerjiyi güvenlikdışılaştırma eğilimindedir. Güvenlikleştirme bu bağlamda enerjiyi yüksek siyaset unsuru ve güvenlik sorunu olarak görerek çatışma ya da gerginlik yaratırken, güvenlikdışılaştırma güvenlik sorunu olan enerjiyi ticari bir araca dönüştürür. Ayrıca, güvenlikleştirme kavramı eleştirilerek çalışmada söz-edinimin yanı sıra devletlerin hareketleri ve pratikleri yani izledikleri politikalar enerji projeleri örneğiyle açıklanacaktır. Anahtar kelimeler: enerji, güvenlikleştirme, Karadeniz bölgesi, enerji projeleri JEL KODU: F50, F59, Q49

Anahtar Kelimeler:

enerji, güvenlikleştirme, Karadeniz Bölgesi, enerji projeleri

EXEMPLIFYING THE (DE)SECURITISATION OF ENERGY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION

EXEMPLIFYING THE (DE)SECURITISATION OF ENERGY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION Pınar AKGÜL Abstract Growing energy resources demand an increase in the importance of new energy suppliers as well as routes. Alternative abundant energy suppliers and routes simultaneously increase the importance of the Black Sea Region (BSR). Inspired by the concept of securitisation, this article examines the nature of energy relationships among BSR countries. It is argued that accepting the fact that all countries in the region are prone to securitise energy supply or demand in their bilateral relations, the degree of securitisation differs from country to country. While Russia and a number of former-Soviet Union countries highly securitise energy, Turkey sees energy as a foreign policy tool, and tends to desecuritise energy in its relations with other countries. Securitization in this regard refers to conceptualising energy as a high political and security issue and potentially brings conflict or creates tension, whereas desecuritisation transforms security concerns into a commercial transaction. Moreover, criticising the conceptual aspect of the securitisation, this article examines the actions and practices of states referring to actual policies, such as energy projects (pipelines) in addition to speech acts. Keywords: energy, securitisation, the Black Sea region, energy projects Jel Codes: F50, F59, Q49

Keywords:

energy, securitisation, Black Sea Region, energy projects,

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