Firuze ERGİN, Emine Mine Çomak GÖÇER, Ayşe Aşcı ARSLAN, Selda YALÇIN, Ahmet KÜÇÜKÇETİN

Probiyotik Bakterilerin Yüksek Sıcaklık Stresine Karşı Adaptasyon Mekanizmalar

Probiyotik ürünlerden beklenen yararların sağlanabilmesi için üründe raf ömrü sonuna kadar belirli sayıda canlı probiyotik bakteri bulunması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle probiyotik ürünlerin üretiminde kullanılacak probiyotik bakterilerin canlılığının yüksek düzeyde olması gerekmektedir. Gıda endüstrisinde kullanılan probiyotik bakteriler genellikle sıvı, toz ve dondurulmuş formda bulunmaktadır. Toz formun üretiminde kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de termal kurutmadır. Termal kurutma yöntemi, fermente süt ürünlerinin kurutulmasında ve probiyotik bakterilerin mikroenkapsülasyonda da kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, termal kurutmada bakteriler yüksek sıcaklık stresi, ozmotik basınç stresi, oksidatif stres gibi farklı stres koşullarına maruz kalmaktadır. Probiyotik bakterileri yüksek sıcaklık stresinden korumak için geliştirilen yöntemlerden biri söz konusu bakterilerin stres faktörüne adaptasyonunun sağlanmasıdır. Probiyotik bakteriler yüksek sıcaklık stresine karşı hücrelerinde meydana gelen protein ve proteaz sentezindeki değişim ile adapte olabilmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Probiyotik bakteri, Yüksek sıcaklık stresi, Adaptasyon

Adaptation Mechanisms of Probiotic Bacteria to High Temperature Stress

To provide the expected benefits of probiotic products, it is necessary that probiotic bacteria maintain the adequate number of viable cells during the shelf life in the product. Therefore, probiotic bacteria to be used in the manufacturing of probiotic products must have a high level of viability. A probiotic bacterium used in the food industry has been usually in liquid, powder or frozen form. Thermal drying is a manufacture method of powder form, and it also uses drying of the fermented milk products and microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria. However, probiotic bacteria may be exposed to different stress conditions like high temperature, osmotic stress, oxidative stress etc. during thermal drying. Adaptation of probiotic bacteria to stress factors has been developed to protect probiotic bacteria against high temperature stress. Adaptation of probiotic bacteria to high temperature stress takes place with chancing protein and protease synthesis in their cell

Keywords:

Probiotic bacteria, High temperature stress, Adaptation,

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