Çileklerdeki Bazı Pestisit Kalıntıları Üzerine İşleme Türü ve Depolama Süresinin Etkisi

Bu çalışmada Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (GC/MS) ile analiz edilebilen 9 aktif madde kullanılmıştır. Çileklerin yıkanması, pastörize edilmesi, soğukta muhafaza edilmesi ve farklı günler yapılan yıkama işlemi sonrasında kalıntı değişimleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çilek püresi -18±2ºC’de, pastörize püre ise farklı sıcaklıklarda muhafaza edilmiştir. Pastörizasyon işleminde en yüksek ve en düşük işleme faktörü sırasıyla tebufenpirad (Pf:1.20) ve tetrakonazol (Pf:0.81) için hesaplanmıştır. Soğuk muhafaza esnasında kresoksim-metil degradasyonu istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Soğuk muhafaza işlemi sonunda penkonazol hesaplama limitinin altına düşmüştür. Pirimetanil ve tebufenpirad miktarlarında değişme olmamıştır. Azoksistrobin, boskalid, tetrakonazol ve kresoksim-metil kalıntılarının sırasıyla %3.8, 10.9, 25.0 ve 36.4 azaldığı belirlenmiştir. İlaçlı çileklerin yıkanması ile tebufenpirad kalıntılarında azalma olmamıştır ancak azoksistrobin %3.8, pirimetanil %4.2, bupirimat %4.5, kresoksim-metil %9.1, boskalid %10.9 ve tetrakonazol kalıntıları %16.7 oranında azalmıştır. Uzun süreli muhafazada pestisit kalıntılarında en çok ve en hızlı azalmanın 20±2ºC’de olduğu ve pastörizasyon işleminin etkisiyle bu azalmanın yavaşladığı belirlenmiştir. Pastörizasyon işleminden sonra -18±2ºC’de muhafaza edilen örneklerdeki pestisit degradasyonu bir yılın sonunda tetrakonazol %20, pirimetanil %23, azoksistrobin %26, kresoksim-metil %27, boskalid %37 ve bupirimat %41 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak degradasyonun pestisitin kimyasal özelliklerine, başlangıç konsantrasyonuna, tarımsal ürüne, yapılan işleme ve muhafaza koşullarına bağlı olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çilek, Pestisit Kalıntısı, İşleme, Depolama, Yıkama

Effect of Processing Type and Storage Time on Some Pesticide Residues in Strawberries

In this study, 9 active substances that could be analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) were used. Changes in these pesticide residues were determined after strawberries were washed, pasteurized, stored in cold and washed on different days. In addition, strawberry puree was stored at -18±2ºC and pasteurized puree was stored at different temperatures. The highest and lowest processing factors in the pasteurization process were determined in tebufenpyrad (Pf:1.20) and tetraconazole (Pf:0.81), respectively. During cold storage, kresoxim-methyl degradation was found statistically significant (p<0.05). At the end of cold storage, penconazole was below the quantification limit while pyrimethanil and tebufenpyrad did not change; however, azoxystrobin, boscalid, tetraconazole and kresoxim-methyl residues decreased by 3.8, 10.9, 25.0 and 36.4%, respectively. Washing process did not reduce tebufenpyrad residues. On the other hand, reduction rates were 3.8, 4.2, 4.5 and 9.1% for azoxystrobin, pyrimethanil, bupirimate and kresoxim-methyl, respectively while they were 10.9% for boscalid and 16.7% for tetraconazole. During long-term storage, the highest and the fastest decrease in pesticide residues was observed at 20±2ºC, and this decrease slowed down with the effect of pasteurization. Pesticide degradation rates at the end of one-year storage period in the samples stored at -18±2 ºC following pasteurization were 20, 23, 26, 27, 37 and 41% for tetraconazole, pyrimethanil, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, boscalid and bupirimate, respectively. As a result, it was found that pesticide degradation was dependent upon the chemical nature of pesticides, initial concentration, agricultural commodity, processing and storage conditions.

Keywords:

Strawberry, Pesticide Residue, Processing, Storage, Washing,

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