Çetin ŞENKUL, Mehmet Ali ÖZDEMİR, Warren J. EASTWOOD

Polen Kayıtlarına Göre Güneybatı Anadolu’nun Erken Holosen Dönemi Bitki Örtüsü ve İklim Koşulları

Güneybatı Anadolu, Avrupa ve Ortadoğu ölçeğinde bitki sığınma alanları içerisinde en önemli bölgelerden biridir. Bölgenin Erken Holosen’e ait palinolojik kayıtlarının dağılışı ve yeterliliği bu veriler üzerinden vejetasyon örtüsü ve iklim koşullarına ilişkin genel bir değerlendirme yapılmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle Erken Holosen’deki (GÖ. 10000 / 6000 14C yılları) bitki örtüsü ve iklim koşulları, fonksiyonel bitki tipine dayalı biomizasyon metoduyla yeniden yorumlanmıştır. GÖ. 9000 14C yılında’da iklim koşullarının günümüzden daha soğuk ve kurak olduğu, orman vejetasyonunun ise Akdeniz kıyı kuşağında ve kıyı gerisindeki dağlık alanda %50-60’ı bulduğu saptanmıştır. Akdeniz ardında ve iç kesimlerde ise Holosen’in ilk bölümünde (GÖ. 9000 14C yılı) Genç Dryas dönemine (GÖ. 11000/10000 C yılı) kıyasla daha zayıf olmak kaydıyla soğuk ve yarı nemli/yarı kurak iklim koşulları ile step vejetasyonu egemen olmuştur. Erken Holosen’in son bölümünde ise (GÖ. 6000 14C yılı) Güneybatı Anadolu genelinde değişen iklim koşulları ile ilişkili olarak büyük ölçüde orman örtüsü hakimdir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Güneybatı Anadolu’nun bitki örtüsü ve ikliminin tüm lokasyonlar için genellenecek kadar tekdüze olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar; Türkiye’nin diğer bölgelerinden farklı olarak Güneybatı Anadolu’da, Erken Holosen boyunca vejetasyon örtüsünün değişen iklime paralel olarak ve bir gecikme göstermeden step türü bitkilerden orman örtüsüne geçtiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Polen, Bitki Örtüsü, İklim Değişimi, Erken Holosen, Güneybatı Anadolu.

Polen Kayıtlarına Göre Güneybatı Anadolu'nun Erken Holosen Dönemi Bitki Örtüsü ve İklim Koşulları

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