Eğitim Yapılarında Pasif Yangın Güvenlik Analizi

Tüm binalarda olduğu gibi eğitim binalarının tasarımında da pasif yangın güvenlik sistemlerinin iyi tasarlanması ile mekanik sistemlere ihtiyaç azalır. Binanın maliyeti düşer ve yangın güvenliği daha iyi sağlanmış olur. Pasif güvenlik önlemleri yeterli ise yangının genişlemesi yavaş olur, insanların tahliyesi kolaylaşır ve yangının verdiği zarar az olur. Bu araştırma yangın yönetmeliğinin okul binası tasarımında ve yapımında pasif yangın güvenlik önlemlerine nasıl etki ettiğinin analiz edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma bölgesi olarak ülkenin az gelişmiş şehirlerinden biri olan Tokat seçilmiştir. Çalışma da yöntem olarak; Ulusal yangın yönetmeliğinin yürürlüğe girdiği tarih olan 2002 yılından önce projelendirilen ve inşa edilen 4 adet eğitim binası ile 2007 yılından sonra projelendirilen ve inşa edilen 4 adet eğitim binası Ulusal Yangın Yönetmeliği, ABD Yangın Yönetmeliği (NFPA) ve İngiltere Yangın Yönetmeliği (BS) hükümleri arasından belirlenen 20 kritere göre mimari projeleri üzerinden, bina yerinde yapılan incelemeler ve proje müellifleri ile yapılan görüşmeler ışığında analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Eğitim Yapıları, Pasif Yangın Önlemleri, Yangın Yönetmelikleri

Passive Fire Safety Analysis In Educational Buildings

As in all buildings, the design of passive fire safety systems in the design of educational buildings reduces the need for mechanical systems. The cost of building is reduced and fire safety is improved. If the passive security measures are sufficient, the expansion of the fire becomes slow, the evacuation of the people becomes easier and the damage caused by the fire is minimal. This study aims to analyze how fire regulations affect passive fire safety measures on school design and construction. Tokat provincial center, one of the least developed cities of the country, was chosen as the study region. To the study method; 4 school buildings which were designed and built before 2002 when the Regulation entered into force and also 4 different school buildings which were designed and built after 2009 have been analyzed comparatively according to 20 measurable criteria which are chosen among the provisions of the National Fire Regulations (BYKHY), UK Fire Regulations (BS), US Fire Regulations (NFPA) and according to the architectural project, the studies done in the building site and interviews carried out with responsible persons.

Keywords:

Educational Buildings, Passive Fire Precautions, Fire Regulations,

PDF

___

Altındaş, S., (2017). “Bir Yangının Düşündürdükleri” Mimarlık Dergisi sayı 393
Arghami, S., Koorosh K., Manouchehr M., 2016. “Development of a Fire Safety Checklist for Dormitories” Journal of Human, Environment and Health Promotion 2.1 ss 20-31 Bakanlığı, M. E. (2015). Eğitim Yapıları Asgari Tasarım Standartları Kılavuzu. TC Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı İnşaat Ve Emlak Dairesi Başkanlığı.
Buchanan, A. H., et al. (2006) Fifteen years of performance-based design in New Zealand. 1-4
Demirel,F., Tavman G., Yaman,M. (2017). An Investigation At The New Faculty Of Architecture Building Of Gazi University In Complaince With ‘’Turkey’s Regulatıon On Fire Protection’’ International Fire Safety Symposium and Exhibition, 311-321. Hassanain, M. A. (2006). Towards the design and operation of fire safe school facilities. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 15.5 838-846, Idris, M. F. M. 1997. The development of a fire safety evaluation procedure for the educational establishment Doctoral Thesis,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Edinburgh.
Meng, D., Yao, H. W., Cui, T. Y., & Sun, Y. C. (2016). Survey and Countermeasure Discussion of College Students’ Campus Fire Safety. Procedia Engineering, 135, 25-28.
Mikkola, E. (2005). Fire safety engineering, New possibilies for wood products VTT Building and Transport, ,Tallinn,
Müdürlüğü, E. M. E. İ. (2015). Eğitim yapıları asgari tasarım standartları kılavuzu.
Lambie, I., Best, C., Tran, H., Ioane, J., & Shepherd, M. (2015). Risk factors for fire injury in school leavers: A review of the literature. Fire Safety Journal, 77, 59-66.
Rahouti, A., Datoussaïd, S., & Descamps, T. 2018. Safety assessment of a high-rise dormitory in case of fire. International journal of disaster resilience in the built environment.
Şimşek,Z. (2017). Evaluation Of Education Buildings For Fire Safety. International Fire Safety Symposium and Exhibition, 50-60.
Wade, P., Teeman, D., Golden, S., Wilson, R., & Woodley, V. (2007). The Impact of School Fires: A Study of the Wider Economic and Social Impacts on Schools and the Local Community. LGA Research Report 3/07. National Foundation for Educational Research. The Mere, Upton Park, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 2DQ, UK.
Zhao, J., & Song, S. 2016. Research on Safe Evacuation Simulation of University Students’ Dormitory Buildings Based on Pathfinder. In Proceedings of 2015 2nd International Conference on Industrial Economics System and Industrial Security Engineering (pp. 493-499). Springer, Singapore.
ZHU, X. D., & SHI, J. R. 2009. Fault Tree Analysis of Fire in Dormitory. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 1.
Zhu, S. B., & Zhu, H. Y. 2013. Prediction of Campus Fire Based on SVM. In Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 333, pp. 1283-1287. Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
URL 1. Binaların Yangından Korunması Hakkındaki Yönetmelik (2009,9 Eylül) Resmi Gazete, (Sayı 26735). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2009/09/20090909-10.htm (Son Erişim: 19.10.2021).
URL 2. Baldassarra,C.F.(2015)Fire protection changes in schools” https://www.csemag.com/ single-article/fire-protection-changes-in-schools/ae9b2550e4c4ac55f9a9500d0f686342.html ?Swordlist[]=2015 (Last Acceded: 22.09.2021)
URL 3. Campbell, R. (2017). Structure fires in educational properties. National Fire Protection Association, Fire Analysis and Research Division, https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Fire-statistics-and-reports/Building-and-life-safety/oseducation.pdf (Last Acceded: 24.09.2021)
URL 4. Fire Safety inSchools” https://www.safelincs.co.uk/fire-safety-in-schools/ (Last Acceded : 22.09.2021)
URL 5. Fire and Safety Design Requirements for Schools New Zealand Ministry of Education https://www.education.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Primary-Secondary/Property/School-property-design/FireAndSafetyDesignRequirements-including-Addendums-published-in-July-2017-and-June-2018.pdf (Last Acceded: 06.07.2018)
URL 6. Campbell R, (2017). “ Structure Fires in Dormitories Fraternities Sororities and Barracks” USA: NFPA https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Fire-statistics-and-reports/Building-and-life-safety/osdorms.pdf (Last Acceded: 24.09.2021)