Deprem Yaşayan Bireylerin Risk Algısı, Korku ve Hazırbulunuşluklarının İncelenmesi

Deprem birey ve toplum hayatını doğrudan etkileyebilen ve önceden tahmin edilmesi zor olan bir doğa olayıdır. Ancak geçmiş deprem deneyimleri depreme ilişkin risk algısını ve korkuyu tetikleyebilir. Makul düzeydeki risk algısı ve korku ise genellikle depreme hazırlık davranışını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de daha önce yıkıcı bir depremin gerçekleştiği bir bölgede, halkın deprem risk algısı, korkusu ve gerçek hazırbulunuşluk ve algılanan hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerini ve bunları etkileyebilecek değişkenleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, araştırmanın örneklemini 2020 yılında gerçekleşen Elazığ depremini yaşayan 388 kişi oluşturmakta olup veriler anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Bulgular, deprem risk algısı ve korkusunun yüksek olduğunu, ancak gerçek ve algılanan hazırlık düzeylerinin düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Cinsiyet, deprem eğitimi, depremi anlamlandırma biçimleri ile risk algısı, korku, gerçek ve algılanan hazırbulunuşluk düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca risk algısı, korku, gerçek ve algılanan hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerinin belli düzeylerde biribirleriyle ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın, birçok değişkeni birlikte ele alması ve araştırma alanına bütüncül bir bakış sunması sebebiyle literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Deprem Risk Algısı, Korku, Gerçek Hazırbulunuşluk, Algılanan Hazırbulunuşluk, Elâzığ

Examination of Risk Perception, Fear and Preparedness of Individuals Experiencing Earthquakes

An earthquake, which can directly affect individual and social life, is a natural event that is difficult to predict. However, previous earthquake experiences can trigger earthquake risk perception and fear. Reasonable risk perception and fear generally affect earthquake preparedness behaviour positively. This study aims to reveal the earthquake risk perception, fear, and actual and perceived preparedness levels of the people in a region in Turkey where a destructive earthquake occurred. Data were collected from 388 respondents who experienced the Elazig earthquake in 2020 through a structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that earthquake risk perception and fear are high, but actual and perceived preparedness levels are low. The results showed that gender, earthquake education, the way the earthquake is explained differ significantly with the risk perception, fear, actual and perceived preparedness levels. In addition, it has been determined that risk perception, fear, actual and perceived preparedness levels are related to each other at certain levels. The research is considered necessary because it deals with many variables and offers a holistic view of the research field.

Keywords:

Earthquake Risk Perception, Fear, Actual Preparedness, Perceived Preparedness, Elazığ,

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