İş Becerikliliğinin Akış Deneyimi Üzerindeki Etkisi: AFAD Karadeniz Bölgesi Örneği

Örgütler, değişen ve gelişen çevre içerisinde sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı yakalamak, proaktif davranabilmek, yenilik yapabilmek ve hayatta kalmak için kendilerini ve çalışanlarını çevre şartlarına uyumlu hale getirmeli, stratejiler geliştirmeli ve bunu sürdürülebilir kılmalıdırlar. Örgütlerin tüm bu değişim ve gelişimlerle mücadele edebilmeleri için iki kavram önemli hale gelmektedir. Bunlar, iş becerikliliği ve akış deneyimi kavramlarıdır. İş becerikliliği, bireylerin işlerini yaparken bazı eklemeler ve çıkarmalar yapması, işlerinin şeklini ve etkinliğini değiştirerek farklılıklar veya kazanımlar yaratması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Akış deneyimi, bireyin içinde bulunduğu faaliyete tamamen odaklandığı, zevk aldığı ve çevresinde meydana gelen faaliyetleri istemeyerek görmezden geldiği bir bilinç hali olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, iş becerikliliğinin akış deneyimi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde araştırma verileri, Afet ve Acil Durum Başkanlığı (AFAD) Karadeniz Bölgesi İl Müdürlüklerinde görev yapan 548 çalışandan anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri faktör ve güvenirlik analizi, korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları kapsamında; iş becerikliliğinin (görev becerikliliği, ilişkisel beceriklilik, bilişsel beceriklilik) akış deneyimi üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. İş becerikliliğinin akış deneyiminin alt boyutları olan “dalma”, “işi sevme” ve “içe dönük çalışma motivasyonu” üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İş Becerikliliği, Akış, Akış Deneyimi, AFAD

The Effect of Job Crafting on Flow Experience: The Case of AFAD Black Sea Region

Organizations should adapt themselves and their employees to environmental conditions, develop strategies and make it sustainable in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, act proactively, innovate and survive in a changing and developing environment. Two concepts become important for organizations to struggle with all these changes and developments. These are the concepts of job crafting and flow experience. Job crafting is defined as individuals’ making some additions and subtractions while doing their jobs, creating differences or gains by changing the shape and effectiveness of their jobs. Flow experience is defined as a state of consciousness in which the individual fully focuses on the activity he is in, enjoys it, and involuntarily ignores the activities occurring in his environment. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of job crafting on flow experience. Within the framework of this purpose, research data were collected from 548 employees working in the Provincial Directorates of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) Black Sea Region by survey technique. Research data were tested with factor and reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Within the scope of the research findings; it can be seen that job crafting (task crafting, relational crafting, cognitive crafting) has a positive and significant effect on flow experience. It is found that job crafting has a positive and significant effect on "absorption", "work enjoyment" and " intrinsic work motivation" as subdimensions of flow experience.

Keywords:

Job Crafting, Flow, Flow Experience, AFAD,

PDF

___

Akçakanat, T., Uzunbacak, H. H., & Acar, O. K. (2019). İnsan kaynakları yöneticilerinin iş becerikliliklerinin işe adanmışlıkları üzerine etkisi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(17), 395-419. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.513340.
Bakker, A. B. (2008). The work-related flow inventory: Construction and initial validation of the WOLF. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72, 400-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.11.007.
Bakker, A. B., & Woerkom, M. van (2017). Flow at work: A self-determination perspective. Occupational Health Science, 1(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41542-017-0003-3.
Berg, J. M., Dutton, J. E., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2008). What is job crafting and why does it matter. Retrieved form the website of Positive Organizational Scholarship on April, Positive Organizational Scholarship.
Berg, J. M., Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2010). Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(2-3), 158-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.645.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. Optimal experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & LeFevre, J. (1989). Optimal experience in work and leisure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 56(5), 815-822. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.815.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins.
Davis, D., & Cosenza, R. M. (1998). Business research for decision making. Boston: Pws-Kent Publishing Company.
De Beer, L. T., Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Job crafting and its impact on work engagement and job satisfaction in mining and manufacturing. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 19(3), 400-412. https://doi.org/10.17159/2222-3436/2016/v19n3a7.
Demerouti, E. (2014). Design your own job through job crafting. European Psychologist, 19, 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000188.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Sonnentag, S., & Fullagar, C. J. (2012). Workrelated flow and energy at work and at home: A study on the role of Daily recovery. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(2), 276-295. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.760.
Demerouti, E., & A. B. Bakker (2014). Job crafting. M.C.W. Peeters, J. De-Jonge,T. W. Tari (Ed.) An introduction to contemporary work psychology içinde, (pp. 414-433), New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell.
Devotto, R., Freitas, C. P., & Wechsler, S. M. (2020). The role of job crafting on the promotion of flow and wellbeing. RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 21(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMD200113.
Erceylan, N., Öztürk, M., Uludağ, K., Uzunbacak, H. H., & Akçakanat, T. (2021). İçsel motivasyon ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişki: İş becerikliliği ve akış deneyiminin seri aracılık rolü. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(40), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.755959.
Eisenberger, R., Jones, J. R., Stinglhamber, F., Shanock, L., & Randall, A. T. (2005). Flow experiences at work: For high need achievers alone? Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(7), 755-775. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.337.
Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in organizational behavior, 28, 3-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002.
Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332-1356. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332.
Ingusci, E., Callea, A., Chirumbolo, A., & Urbini, F. (2016). Job crafting and job satisfaction in a sample of Italian teachers: the mediating role of Perceived Organizational Support. Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis, 9(4), 675-687. https://doi.org/10.1285/i20705948v9n4p675.
Iqbal, Q. (2016). Job-crafting and organizational commitment: person-job fit as moderator in banking sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 3(12), 837-851.
Kahari, W. I., Mildred, K., & Marion, A. J. (2020). The ınteraction between perceived task complexity, ındividual work orientation, and job crafting in explaining flow experience at work. Üniversitepark Bülten, 9(2), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.22521/unibulletin.2020.92.3.
Kanbur, E., & Mazıoğlu, V. (2021). Psikolojik iyi oluşun iş becerikliliği üzerine etkisi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 1839-1857. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.851820.
Karasakal, S. (2020). Akış deneyiminin memnuniyet üzerine etkisi: Tatil deneyimi üzerine inceleme. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.17123/atad.713575.
Karataş, M. (2019). İşe adanmışlık, iş becerikliliği ve işgören performansı etkileşimi: Havacılık sektöründeki bir firmada araştırma. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
Kerse, G. (2017). İş becerikliliği (job crafting) ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlama ve duygusal tükenme ile ilişkisini belirleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(4), 283-304. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2017.332.
Kerse, G. (2018). The impact of job crafting on person-job fit:“I am compatible with my work because I can make changes in my work”. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 32(4), 941-958.
Ko, I. (2011). Crafting a job: Creating optimal experiences at work. Doctoral dissertation, The Claremont Graduate University.
Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information systems research, 13(2), 205-223. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.2.205.83.
Kuijpers, E., Kooij, D. T., & van Woerkom, M. (2020). Align your job with yourself: The relationship between a job crafting intervention and work engagement, and the role of workload. Journal of occupational health psychology, 25(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000175.
Leana, C., Appelbaum, E., & Shevchuk, I. (2009). Work process and quality of care in early childhood education: The role of job crafting. Academy of Management Journal, 52(6), 1169-1192. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.47084651.
Lowe, G. B. (2019). Core motivation: Bridging the gap between flow experience and work performance (Doctoral dissertation), Biola University.
Miller, M. L. (2015). Relationships between job design, job crafting, ıdiosyncratic deals, and psychological empowerments. (Doctoral dissertation), Walden University.
Müceldili, B., Tatar, B., & Erdil, O. (2019). Çalışanlarda Akış Deneyimi Oluşturulması: İş Biliş Envanteri ve İçsel Statünün Önemi Açısından Bir İnceleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(4), 2845-2855. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.779.
Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). The concept of flow. Handbook of Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Niessen, C., Weseler, D., & Kostova, P. (2016). When and why do individuals craft their jobs? The role of individual motivation and work characteristics for job crafting. Human Relations, 69(6), 1287-1313. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715610642.
Ogbuanya, T. C., & Chukwuedo, S. O. (2017). Job crafting-satisfaction relationship ın electrical/electronic technology education programme: Do work engagement and commitment matter? Revista de Psicologia del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 33(3), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2017.09.003.
Özkara, B. Y. (2015). Tüketicilerin çevrimiçi bilgi aramaları bağlamında akış deneyiminin bilgiden tatmin üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783.
Rastogi, M., & Chaudhary, R. (2018). Job crafting and work-family enrichment: the role of positive intrinsic work engagement. Personnel Review, 47(3), 651-674. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2017-0065.
Rettie, R. (2001). An exploration of flow during Internet use. Internet Research, 11(2), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240110695070.
Rogala, A., & Cieslak, R. (2019). Positive emotions at work and job crafting: Results from two prospective studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.20.
Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 112-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008.
Slemp, G. R., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2013). The Job Crafting Questionnaire: A new scale to measure the extent to which employees engage in job crafting. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3(2), 126-146. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i2.1.
Tavşancıl, E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-9. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC89228.
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of vocational behavior, 80(1), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009.
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2013). The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(2), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032141.
Travaglianti, F., Babic, A., & Hansez, I. (2016). The role of work-related needs in the relationship between job crafting, burnout and engagement. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 42(1), 1-13. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC196441.
Turan, N. (2019). Akış deneyimi üzerine genel bir literatür taraması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 37, 181-199. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.562564.
Wang, H., Wang, X., & Li, J. (2018). Is new generation employees’ job crafting beneficial or detrimental to organizations in China? Participative decision-making as a moderator. Asia Pacific Business Review, 24(4), 543-560. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2018.1451129.
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378011.
Yaşin, T. (2016). Kişilik özellikleri ve psikolojik sermayenin psikolojik iyi oluş, akış deneyimi, iş tatmini ve çalışan performansına etkileri. Doktora Tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Zhang, F., & Parker, S. K. (2019). Reorienting job crafting research: A hierarchical structure of job crafting concepts and integrative review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(2), 126-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2332.