Çilek Üretim Alanlarından İzole Edilen Trichoderma İzolatlarının Çilekte (cv. Rubygem) Macrophomina phaseolina ’ya Karşı Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışma, Aydın ili çilek üretim alanlarından toprağın 5-20 cm derinliğinden alınan toprak örneklerinden izole edilen 10 adet Trichoderma izolatın çilekte sorun olan Macrophomina phaseolina’ya karşı etkililiğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Trichoderma spp. ile yürütülen ikili kültür çalışmalarında %25.9-59.1 oranında M. phaseolina’nın miselyal gelişimi sınırladığı belirlenmiştir. Tüm izolatlarda hiperparazitizim görülmüştür. Ayrıca ilk kez bu çalışmada Trichoderma izolatlarının oluşturduğu uçucu bileşiklerin patojenin oluşturduğu mikrosklerot miktarını önemli derecede azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Saksı çalışmaları ise Trichoderma spp.’nin M. phaseolina’ya etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla antagonist ve patojenin aynı anda (Tr+Mp), antagonist inokulasyonundan 15 gün sonra patojenin uygulanması *Tr+Mp(15)+ şeklinde yapılmıştır. Mikrosklerot inokulasyonu 50 ml 1.6x103 sklerot/g, Trichoderma izolatları fide yetiştirme ortamının %2’si (14g) olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Her fidenin dikim öncesi ve dikimden 10 hafta sonra deneme sonlandığında fide ağırlıkları ayrı ayrı kaydedilmiştir. Yaş ağırlık artışı (%) ve çöken fide oranı (%) değerlendirilmiştir. Tr+Mp uygulamasında, Tr28 (%36.47) izolatında en fazla ağırlık artışı belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda Tr izolatları arasında Tr28 izolatında fide ölümü görülmemiştir. Tr+Mp(15) uygulamasında ise Tr25 (%47.37) izolatında fidelerde en fazla yaş ağırlık artışı saptanmıştır ve Tr26, Tr24, Tr21, Tr28 inokule edilen saksılarda fide ölümü görülmemiştir.

Isolated of Trichoderma Isolates in Strawberry Production Area on Determination of the Effectiveness Against Macrophomina phaseolina in Strawberry (cv. Rubygem)

This study was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of 10 Trichoderma isolates strawberry growing areas of Aydın province against Macrophomina phaseolina, which is a problem in Strawberry. Soil samples taken from 5-20 cm depth of soil were used for Trichoderma spp isolation. Mycelial growth of M. phaseolina was inhibited by Trichoderma spp. at the rate of 25.9-59.1% in dual culture. Hyperparasitism was observed in all isolates. Furthermore, for the first time in this study, it was determined that the volatile compounds of Trichoderma isolates significantly reduced microsclerotia formation of the pathogen. Pot trials were performed to determine the effect of Trichoderma spp. on M. phaseolina by applying antagonist and pathogen at the same time (Tr+Mp) and pathogen 15 days after antagonist inoculation [Tr+Mp(15)]. Microsclerotia concentration was applied with 50 ml water ensuring 1.6x103 in 1 gr of soil and the inoculum of Trichoderma isolates were homogenously added into soil of pot at the rate of 2% (14 g). Each seedling weights before planting and at the end of after 10 weeks planting were recorded separately. Fresh weight increase (%) was calculated and seedling death increase (%) the results were evaluated. In Tr+Mp application, maximum weight increase was determined in Tr28 (36.47%) isolates. At the same time, seedling death was not observed among Tr28 isolates. In Tr+Mp (15) application, highest increase seedling fresh weight was observed at Tr25 (47.37%). In Tr26, Tr24, Tr21, Tr28 no plant death was observed in inoculated pots.

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