YAŞLILIK VE SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: LİTERATÜR TARAMASI

Son 30 yıldan fazla bir süre zarfında, dünya genelinde gerek gelişmiş gerekse de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin toplam nüfusu içindeki yaşlı nüfus oranında önemli derecede değişiklikler görülmektedir. Genel olarak 80 yaş ve üzeri bireyler başta olmak üzere yaşlı birey sayısında meydana gelen artışların ilerleyen on yıllar boyunca da artarak devam edeceği tahmin edilmektedir. Gerek doğurganlık oranlarındaki azalış gerekse de ortalama yaşam süresinin artmasıyla birlikte gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde meydana gelen yaşlılık olgusu, bu ülkeleri sağlık sistemleri konusunda yenilikler yapmaya ve yaşam koşullarını geliştirmeye yönelterek harcamaların artışına sebep olmaktadır. Dünya genelinde yaşlılık ile sağlık harcamaları arasındaki ilişki uzun bir süredir tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yaşlılık ve sağlık harcamaları ilişkisini inceleyen çalışmalara yer verilecektir. Ayrıca, yaşlılık ile genel kamu harcamaları ve bileşenleri ile de ilgili olan çalışmalara yer verilerek yaşlılığın genel olarak kamu harcamalarına olan etkisi de gözler önüne serilerek konunun daha iyi kavranması sağlanacaktır. Literatürdeki çalışmalardan elde edilen genel sonuç yaşlılığın sağlık harcamaları üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğudur.

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