Merve SARI, Kezban ESEN KARACA, Gizem KÖSE

Postpartum Dönemde Beslenme, Stres ve Uyku Durumunun Emzirme Tutumuna Etkisi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, 0-6 ay arası bebeği olan annelerin beslenme, stres ve uyku durumunun emzirme tutumuna etkisi incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 330 anne dâhil edilmiştir. Aralık 2020 – Mart 2021 arasında annelere 3 bölümden oluşan çevrimiçi bir anket uygulanmıştır. Anket içeriğinde ilk bölümde sosyodemografik bilgiler, annelerin beslenme alışkanlıkları, ikinci bölümde annelerin ve bebeklerin antropometrik verileri, gebelik, doğum ve emzirme dönemine ait bilgiler bulunmakta olup, son bölümde Doğum Sonu Stres Etkenleri Ölçeği (DSSEÖ), Doğum Sonrası Uyku Kalitesi Ölçeği (DSUKÖ) ve Emzirme Tutumunu Değerlendirme Ölçeği (ETDÖ) ile araştırma verileri elde edilmiştir. Veriler NCSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma için Acıbadem Üniversitesi ve Acıbadem Sağlık Kuruluşları Tıbbi Araştırma Etik Kurulu (ATADEK) tarafından 2020-25/29 karar numarası etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Bulgular: Annelerin ve bebeklerin yaş ortalaması sırasıyla 28,09±4,11 yıl ve 3,4±1,57 aydır. Anneler genel olarak normal vücut ağırlığında olup (ortalama beden kütle indeksi (BKİ): 25,48±4,29 kg/m2), gebelik sürecinde ortalama 14,57±5,4 kg almışlardır. Annelerin doğum sonrası stres durumu ile uyku kalitesi arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki saptanmıştır (r=0,422; p=0,001). Annelerin emzirme tutumunu etkileyebilecek faktörler değerlendirildiğinde, BKİ değerleri ile anlamlı ilişki bulunamamış (p>0,05) ancak doğum sonrası stres etkenleri ile negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (r=-0,159; p=0,004). Emzirme tutumunda etkili olabilecek bir alt faktör olan bebek bakımına bağlı uyku problemleri arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (r=-0,109; p=0,047). Annelerin emzirme tutumu ile DSUKÖ alt faktörleri olan fiziksel semptomlara bağlı uyku problemleri ve iyi uyku kalitesi arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Annelerin stres durumu emzirme tutumunu etkileyebilmektedir. Doğum öncesi ve doğum sonrası dönemde annelere emzirmeyi teşvik edici eğitimler verilmelidir.

The Effects of Nutrition, Stress and Sleep Status on Breastfeeding Attitude in the Postpartum Period

Objective: This study examined the impact of feeding, stress and sleep status of mothers with infants aged 0-6 months on breastfeeding attitudes. Material and Method: In our study, our participants were 330 mothers. An online questionnaire consisting of 3 parts was administered to mothers between December 2020 and March 2021. In the first part of the questionnaire, sociodemographic information, mothers’ eating habits and in the second part, anthropometric data of mothers and infants, information about pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding periods, in the last part, the Postpartum Stressors-Turkish (PPSS-TR), the Turkish Postpartum Sleep Quality (T- PSQS), and the Breastfeeding Attitude Evaluation Scale (BAES) research data were obtained. Our study was approved by Ethics Committee of Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University on 03.12.2020 with 2020-25/29 resolution number No. 2020/25. Results: The mean age of mothers and infants was 28.09±4.11 years and 3.4±1.57 months, respectively. Mothers generally had normal body weight (mean body mass index (BMI): 25.48±4.29 kg/m2) and weight gained a mean of 14.57±5.4 kg during pregnancy. A positive correlation was found between mothers’ postpartum stress status and sleep quality (r=0.422; p=0.001). When factors that may affect mothers’ breastfeeding attitudes were evaluated, no significant relationship was found with BMI values (p>0.05), but a negative significant relationship was found with postpartum stress factors (r=-0.159; p=0.004). A negative and significant relationship was found between sleep problems related to infant care, which is a sub-factor that may be effective in breastfeeding behavior (r=-0.109; p=0.047). There was no significant relationship found between mothers’ breastfeeding attitude and sleep problems due to physical symptoms, which are sub-factors of T-PSQS, and good sleep quality (p>0.05). Conclusion: The stress status of the mothers affected the breastfeeding attitude. In the prenatal and postnatal period, mothers should be given training to encourage breastfeeding.

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