Tasarımın Uzun Boyun Seramik Femoral Baş Protezinin Yüksek Kırılma Oranına Katkısının Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi ile Araştırılması

Üstün aşınma direncine sahip olan seramikler, genç hastaların femur başı protezi için en iyi malzeme seçeneklerindendir. Bununla birlikte, seramiklerin doğal dezavantajları kırılganlıklarıdır. Bu nedenle, seramik femur başlarının üretim ve tasarım faktörleri dikkatlice düşünülmelidir. Aksi takdirde, yüksek kırılma oranına bağlı olarak, 2001 yılında seramik femoral başların geri çağrılması olayında olduğu gibi daha ciddi bir soruna neden olabilir. Her ne kadar geri çağrılan bu seramik başların yüksek kırılma oranları, temel olarak imalat işlemindeki bir değişiklikle ilişkilendirilmiş olsa da, aynı partide üretilen uzun boyun tasarımlı seramik başların neden kısa boyun tasarımlı seramik başlara göre daha yüksek kırılma oranına sahip oldukları konusunda kesin bir tespit yapılamamış ve bu konuda bir mekanik analiz bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tasarım faktörünün uzun boyunlu seramik femoral başlarının daha yüksek kırılma oranına olası katkısını belirlemek için sonlu elemanlar analizi kullanılarak iki farklı seramik femur başı (kısa ve uzun boyunlu seramik baş) üzerindeki gerilme dağılımının analizini yapmaktır.28 mm çapındaki iki farklı şekilde (kısa ve uzun boyunlu) tasarlanmış seramik başlar, 85 yaşındaki bir insanın yürüme koşulu altında maruz kaldığı maksimum yük altında sonlu elemanlar analizi (SEA) ile gerilme dağılımı test edildi. Katı modellemesi yapılmış femur ve protezlere önce ağ örgüsü oluşturulmuş (~75000 düğüm ve ~50000 eleman) ve literatürden elde edilen malzeme özellikleri modele atanmıştır Solidworks simülasyonundan elde edilen SEA sonuçları, uzun boyunlu seramik başın konik-delik temas bölgesinde zaman içinde yorulma kırılmasına yol açabilecek yaklaşık 5 kat daha fazla lokal gerilme yoğunlaşmasının varlığını göstermiştir. Bu sonuç tasarım faktörünün, üretim kusurunun ötesinde uzun boyunlu seramik başların daha yüksek kırılma oranına katkıda bulunabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, tasarım faktörleriyle alakalı olan seramik başlar üzerindeki bu tür lokal gerilme yoğunlaşma alanlarının varlığı, yeni seramik femur başlarının tasarımı ve üretimi sırasında daima dikkate alınmalıdır.

Investigation of Contribution of Design to the High Fracture Rate of Long Neck Ceramic Femoral Head Prosthesis by Finite Element Analysis

Having a superior wear resistance, ceramics have been among the best options of material for femoral head prosthesis of young patients. However, the inherent disadvantage of ceramics is their brittleness. Therefore, the production and design factors of ceramic femoral heads should be considered carefully. Otherwise, it may cause more serious problem such as in the example of recalling event of ceramic femoral heads in 2001 due to the high fracture rate. Although the high fracture rate of these recalled ceramics heads were primarily associated with an alteration in a manufacturing process, why the long neck designed ceramic heads produced in the same batch had higher fracture rate compared to short neck designed ceramic heads have not been fully identified and there have been no mechanical analysis on it. The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution on two different ceramic femoral heads (short and long neck ceramic heads) using finite element analysis to identify the possible contribution of design factor to the higher fracture rate of long neck ceramic femoral heads. Two different designed ceramic heads with 28-mm diameter were analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA) in a femur under maximum walking load conditions of 85-year old person Solid modeled femurs and prostheses were first meshed (~ 75000 nodes and ~ 50000 elements) and the material properties obtained from the literature were assigned to the model.. The FEA results obtained from Solidworks simulation showed 5-times higher local stress concentration on long neck design which may lead to a fatigue fracture over time on the taper-bore contact area of long neck ceramic head, suggesting that design factor may also contribute to the higher fracture rate of long neck ceramic heads beyond manufacturing defect. Therefore, the presence of such local stress concentration areas on ceramic heads related to design factors should always be taken into account during the design and manufacture of the new ceramic femoral heads.

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