PAPALIK TARİHİNDEN BİR KESİT: IX. PİUS DÖNEMİNDEKİ DİNİ VE SİYASİ GELİŞMELER

Roma İmparatorluğunun çöküşüyle dini ve siyasi bir aktör olarak kendini gösteren Papalık, Ortaçağ'ın büyük bir bölümünde bu konumunu korumuştur. Ancak 1789 Fransız İhtilali sonrası Avrupa kıtası, devrim kaynaklı ideolojilerden beslenen siyasal çalkantıların içine girmiş ve bu durum ulus sınırlarının değişmesine yol açmıştır. Papalık bu dönemde hem Fransız İhtilalinden kaynaklanan zararlı addedilen fikirlerle mücadele etmek hem kendi içindeki teolojik ihtilafları sona erdirmek ve yükselen değişim taleplerine cevap vermek hem de siyasal birliğine yönelik tehditleri bertaraf etmek için uğraş vermiştir. Otuz iki yıl süreyle makamda kalarak Kilise tarihinde en uzun süre görev yapan papa unvanına sahip olan IX. Pius, bu mücadelelerde temayüz eden önemli bir aktördür.

A SECTION FROM THE HISTORY OF THE PAPACY: RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ERA OF PIUS IX

The Papacy arose as a religious and political actor after the downfall of the Roman Empire and it maintained its state in good part of the Middle Ages. However, in the nineteenth century, after the French Revolution of 1789, the European Continent got into a political unrests which caused by the Revolution, and these developments upset the balances in the old continent. The Papacy struggled to extinguish both the ideas which considered destructive stem from revolution and exterminate the theological controversies in the Church and counterbalance the change requests. In addition to these theoretical measures, the Church had to defend the territorial integrity against her enemies. Pope Pius IX, who was the longest-reigning pope from 1846 to 1878 in the History of the Papacy, was the most important person in the battle of these evils.

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