MALİ KURALLAR VE TEORİK TEMELLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Borçlanma ve bütçe açıklarındaki keskin artışlar kamu maliyesinin sürdürülebilirliği konusundaki endişeleri arttırmış, pek çok ülkede mali kurallar bu soruna çözüm olarak uygulamaya konmuştur Literatürde, ihtiyari politikanın neden olacağı borçlanma ve bütçe açığı eğilimi ile zaman tutarsızlığı, kurala dayalı politikanın ihtiyari politikaya göre daha etkin olmasının nedeni olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu noktada, hükümetlerin borçlanma ve bütçe açığı eğiliminin anlaşılmasında ekonomi ve politika arasındaki ilişkin dikkatle incelenmesi ve analizi önem taşımaktadır. Bu inceleme, mali kuralların teorik temellerinin anlaşılmasına yardımcı olacağı gibi mali sürdürülebilirlik açısından da mali kuralların etkinliğinin analizine imkan verecektir Bu çerçevede, çalışmanm amacı, pek çok ülkede kamu maliyesininsürdürülebilirliği konusundaki sorunlara çözüm olarak uygulamaya konan malikuralların gelişiminin, rasyonalitesinirı ve teorik temellerinin politika ve ekonomiarasmdaki ilişki üzerinden ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmada, kurala dayalı maliyepolitikasmm teorik nedenlerinin politik makroekonomi modelleri çerçevesindeele almmasıyla, mali kural alanında gerçekleştirilecek olan teorik ve ampirikçalışmalara katkı sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir.

STUDY ON FISCAL RULES AND THEIR THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

Sharp increases in public borrowing and budget deficits have raised the corcerns about the sustainability of public finance in many countries, fiscal rules have been put into effect in order to find a solution to this problem. In the literature, borrowing and deficit bias and time inconsistency caused by discretionary policies are cited as the reason why rule-based policy is more effective than discretionary policy. At this point, carrying out a detailed examination and analysis of the relationship between economics and politics is important in understanding governments' borrowing and deficit bias. This analysis will help to understand the theoretical foundations of fiscal rules, as well as enabling the analysis of the effectiveness of fiscal rules in terms of fiscal sustainability. In that context, the aim of the study is to demonstrate the evolution, rationality, and theoretical foundations of fiscal rules, which have been put into effect as a solution to problems regarding the sustainability of public finance in many countries by laying emphasis on the relationship between politics and economics. In the study, by handling the theoretical reasons of rule-based fiscal policy within the scope of political macroeconomic models, it is thought that it will contribute to theoretical and empirical studies in the field of fiscal rules.

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