Yağ Gülü (Rosa damascena Mill.) Damıtma Suyuna Katılan Tween-20’nin Taze ve Fermente Olmuş Çiçeklerin Gül Yağı Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Yağ gülü (Rosa damascena Mill.), sahip olduğu yüksek kalitedeki koku bileşenleri nedeniyle parfüm ve kozmetik endüstrisinde değerlendirilen en önemli kokulu gül türüdür. Bu araştırma, Isparta yöresinde yetiştirilen yağ gülünde damıtma suyuna katılan Tween-20 maddesinin taze ve fermente olmuş çiçeklerin uçucu yağ verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Clevenger hidro-distilasyon cihazında damıtma ile elde edilen uçucu yağların kompozisyonu gaz kromatografisi (GC/FID ve GC/MS) ile belirlenmiştir. Gül çiçeklerinin gülyağı verimi %0.025-0.035 arasında bulunmuştur. Gül yağı verimi Tween-20 uygulaması ile birlikte artmış, fermentasyon ile birlikte azaltmıştır. Taze çiçeklerden elde edilen gül yağları ile karşılaştırıldığında, 12 saat süreyle bekletilen (fermente olmuş) çiçeklerden elde edilen gül yağlarında linalool, geranial, geranil asetat, nerol, geraniol, 2-feniletilalkol ve farnesol oranları azalırken, cis-rosenoksit, sitronellil asetat, sitronellol, feniletil asetat, nonadesan, nonedesen, eikosan, metil öjenol, heneikosan ve trikosan oranları artmıştır. Yüksek kalitede gül yağı üretimi için gül çiçeklerinin bekletilmeden, mümkün olduğunca taze olarak damıtılması gerektiği ve damıtma suyuna Tween-20 katarak yağ veriminin artırılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Effect of Tween-20 Adding to Distillation Water on Rose Oil Yield and Quality in Fresh and Fermented flowers of Oil-bearing Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.)

Oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is the most important species, producing a highvalue aromatic oil, which is used in the fragrance and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Tween-20 during hydro-distillation on essential oil yield and quality in fresh and fermented flowers of oil-bearing rose grown in Isparta region. Essential oils produced by Clevenger hydro-distillation were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Rose oil yield changed from 0.025% to 0.035%. Oil yield increased with Tween-20 application and decreased with fermentation. The rose oils distilled from fermented flowers had lower percentages of linalool, geranial, geranyl acetate, nerol, geraniol, phenylethyl alcohol and farnesol, and higher percentages of cis-rosenoxide, citronellyl acetate, citronellol, phenylethyl acetate, nonadecane, nonedecene, eicosane, methyl eugenol, heneicocane and tricosane than the oils distilled from fresh flowers. It was necessary to distillate the fresh flowers without waiting in order to get high quality. Furthermore, the oil yield could be increased by Tween-20 treatment during the hydro-distillation.

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