Meyve ağaçlarında su boğulması ve anaçların su boğulmasına tepkileri

Meyve yetiştiriciliğinde anaçların karşılaştığı en Önemli sorunlardan biri de, su boğulmasıdır. Su boğulması, zayıf toprak drenajı ve /veya uzayan sağanak yağmurların bir sonucu olarak meyve bahçelerinde zaman zaman önemli bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Meyve ağaçlarının kökleri, dinlenme peryodundan daha çok gelişme peryodu boyunca su boğulmasına daha hassastırlar. Su boğulmasını gösterir en önemli simptomlar; kloroz (sararma), solma, yaprak dökümü, kahverengileşen köklerin alkolik olarak kokması, kuru kök ve gövde ağırlığının azalması, fotosentez oranın azalması, bitki gelişiminin yavaşlaması etilen üretiminin artması ve ölüm olarak gösterilmektedir;: Su boğulmasına dayanım mekanizmasında anaçlara göre farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Funguslara mukavemet, adventif kök oluşturabilme kapasitesi, pronisini hidroliz etme yeteneği, öz su hareketiyle yapraklardan gelen oksijeni kullanabilme kabiliyeti ile su boğulmasına dayanım arasında bir ilişki saptanmıştır. C volkameriana çöğürlerinde, su boğulması nedeniyle görülen çöğür gelişim gücü, kök yoğunluğu, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök solunumu ve saçak köklerdeki katyon değişim kapasitesindeki azalmanın minimum olması, çöğürlerin su boğulmasına dayanıklılıkları ile birleşmiştir. Phytophthora ve Pythium spp su boğulma zararını artırabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

anaçlar, su boğulması, meyve ağaçları, drenaj

Waterlogging in fruit trees and reaction of rootstocks to waterlogging

One of the significant problems encountered by rootstocks is waterlogging in growing fruit crops. Waterlogging can occur in fruit orchards, as a result of protracted rain and/or poor soil drainage. The roots of fruit trees are more susceptible to waterlogging during growth period than dormant period. The significant symptoms of waterlogging are chlorosis, wilting, falling of leaf, alcoholic smell emanating from the roots which are brown,decreasing of dry weight of stem and root, decreasing of the rate of photosynthesis, slow growing of plant, increasing of ethylene synthesis and dead. It was found differences in the mechanism of resistance of rootstotocks to waterlogging. The relationship has been found between the mechanism of resistance to waterlogging and resistance to fungi, the root's abilitiy to utilize oxygen from the leaves through sap movement, the capacitiy of adventitious root formation and the ability to hydrolise prunasine. The ability of C volkameriana seedlings to minimize the reduction in seedling growth rate, root density, plant dry weight, root respiration and cation exchange capacity of fibrous roots under waterlogged conditions seemed to be associated with the ability to tolerate waterlogging stress. Phytophthora and Pythium spp can increase injury of waterlogging in fruit trees.

Keywords:

rootstocks, waterlogging, fruit trees, drainage,

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