Yıl Boyu Kitlesel Bombus Arısı (Bombus terrestris) Yetiştiriciliğinde Çiftleştirme Aşaması

Örtü altı yetiştiriciliği yapılan birçok bitki türünde tozlayıcı vektör olarak kullanılan bombus arılarının yetiştiriciliği, dünyada önemi giderek artan stratejik bir tarımsal uğraşı haline gelmiştir. Bombus arılarının kontrollü koşullarda yıl boyu yetiştiriciliği koloni oluşturma, ana ve erkek arı yetiştirme, seleksiyon, çiftleştirme ve diyapoz dönemini kontrol etme gibi çeşitli aşamaları içermektedir. Kitlesel yetiştiriciliğin sürdürülebilir olması için en kritik aşamalardan birisi çiftleştirmedir. Bal arılarının aksine, Bombus terrestris ana (♀) ve erkekleri (♂) kapalı ortamlarda, çiftleşme kafeslerinde çiftleşebilmektedir. Erkek arılar çiftleşme sonrası tekrar çiftleşebilirken ana arılar sadece bir erkek arı ile çiftleşmektedir. Yaş ve vücut büyüklüğü, çene bezlerinden salgılanan uçucu feromonlar, çiftleşme kafesindeki erkek arı/ana arı oranı, ışık şiddeti ve frekansı, sıcaklık, nem, fotoperiyot, yuva materyali gibi çevre faktörleri B. terrestris ana (♀) ve erkeklerinin (♂) çiftleşme başarısına etki etmektedir. Bal arılarında olduğu gibi bombus arılarında da haplo diploid üreme sistemi söz konusudur. Cinsiyet lokuslarında homozigotlaşma olması durumunda ana arı tarafından yumurtlanan diploid yumurtalardan diploid erkek bireyler gelişir. Akrabalı yetiştiricilik diploid erkek üretimini önemli ölçüde arttırır. Bu nedenle, gelecek generasyonlarda kaliteli koloniler üretmek için yeteli sayıdaki genç ana arının kendilerine akraba olmayan erkek arılar ile çiftleştirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, B. terrestris arısının kitlesel yetiştiriciliğinde yer alan çiftleştirme aşaması için temel gerekliliklerinin açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bombus arısı, Bombus terrestris, Kitlesel üretim, Çiftleştirme, Kitlesel üretim

Mating Stage on Year-Round Rearing of Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris)

Year-round bumble bee rearing facilities as a pollination vector in the production of many crops under greenhouse conditions are a strategic area of agriculture that is increasingly prevalent all over the world. Year round rearing of bumblebees under controlled conditions involves stages such as colony initiation, queen and male rearing, selection, mating, and breaking of diapause. Mating is one of the most critical stages for sustainability of year-round rearing. In contrast to honeybees, B. terrestris queens (♀) and males (♂) can be mated in flight cages. While the males do not die after copulation and can remate, the queens mate with only one male. Many factors such as age and body size, volatile pheromones secreted from the labial glands, male / queen ratio in mating cage, environmental conditions such as light intensity & frequency, temperature, photoperiod and nest material have effects on mating success. Like honeybees, the sex of bumblebees is determined by haplodiploidy in B. terrestris. Fertilized eggs laid by mated queens develop into adult diploid males if they are homozygous at a single sex locus. The production of diploid males increases dramatically with inbreeding. For this reason, rearing the young queens in sufficient numbers and mating them with unrelated males is also crucial for obtain quality colonies in successive generation. In this study, definition of basic necessities for mating stage on rearing stage of B. terrestris under controlled conditions was aimed.

Keywords:

Bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, Mass rearing, Mating stage, Mass rearing,

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