Şerif KARATEKE, Cüneyt UYAK, Adnan DOĞAN

Erciş Üzüm Çeşidinde Farklı Ürün Yükü ve Etefon Dozlarının Verim ve Kalite ile Bazı Biyokimyasal Özellikler Üzerine Etkileri

Bu araştırma, Erciş üzüm çeşidinde farklı ürün yükü ve etefon dozlarının verim ve kalite ile bazı biyokimyasal özellikler üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2017 yılında yürütülmüştür. Kendi kökleri üzerinde goble terbiye sistemine sahip asmalara tane tutumunun ardından salkım seyreltme yoluyla iki farklı ürün yükü (20 ve 30 salkım/asma) uygulanmıştır. Ben düşme tarihinden sonraki 7. ve 14. günlerde iki kez dört farklı dozda (0-100-500-1000 ppm) sadece salkımlara püskürtme yoluyla etefon uygulaması yapılmıştır. Erciş üzüm çeşidinde ürün yükü ve etefon uygulamalarının asma verimi, salkım eni, 100 tane ağırlığı, tane boyu, tane eni, L* ve b* değeri ile sirinjik ve p-kumarik asit miktarları üzerine olan etkileri istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Her iki ürün yükünde de etefon dozlarının kontrole göre asma verimi, salkım ağırlığı, salkım boyu, salkım eni, tane boyu, tane eni, 100 tane ağırlığı, tartarik asit, malik asit, pH ve toplam asitlikte genel olarak azalmaya, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarında ise artışa neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ethephon, Fenolik bileşik, Organik asit, ben düşme

Effects of Different Crop-load and Ethephon Treatments on Yield, Quality and Biochemical Parameters of Erciş Grape Cultivar

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different crop-load and ethephon treatments on yield, quality and biochemical characteristics of Erciş grape cultivar in 2017. Experimental vines were grown on their own roots and trained in gobble style. Following the fruit-set, cluster thinning was performed as to have two different fruit loads (20 and 30 cluster/vine). Ethephon (CEPA 2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid) was sprayed externally only to the clusters in 4 different doses (0-100-500-1000 ppm) twice 7th and 14th days after veraison. Crop loads and ethephon treatments had significant effects on vine yield, cluster width, 100-berry weight, berry length and width, L* and b* values, syringic and p-coumaric acid contents of Erciş grapes. In both crop loads, as compared to the control, ethephon doses generally decreased vine yield, cluster weight, length and width, berry length, width and 100-berry weight, tartaric and malic acid contents, pH and total acidity and increased soluble solid contents.

Keywords:

Veraison, Ethephon, Phenolic compound, Organic acid,

PDF

___

Ağaoğlu, Y.S. (1976). Çeşitli sentetik kimyasal maddelerin asmalarda mahsulün bazı kalite özelliklerine etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar II. Cycocel ve Alar’ın çeşitli dozlarının etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı, 26 (2): 261-274.
Ağaoğlu, Y.S. (1977). Hamburg misketi üzüm çeşidinde Ethrel’in uygulama zaman ve dozlarının verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı, 28 (1): 360-375.
Ağaoğlu, Y.S, Çelik, H. (1977). Ethrel’in değişik uygulama şekilleri ve dozlarının asmalarda mahsulün bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı, 27 (3-4): 588-604.
Bevilacqua, A.E., Califano, A.N. (1989). Determination of organic acids in dairy products by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Food Sci., 54: 1076–1079. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb07948.x
Coombe, B.G., Hale, C.R. (1973). The hormone content of ripening berries and the effect of growth substance treatments. Plant Physiol. 51: 629-634. doi.org/10.1104/pp.51.4.629
Çoban, H. (2008). Effect of Phosphonic Acid (2-Chloroethyl) on physical and chemical characteristics of Trakya ilkeren and Red globe table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20 (4): 2955-2961.
EI-Zeftawi, B.M. (1982). Effects of ethephon on cluster loosening and berry composition of four wine grape cultivars. J. Hortic. Sci.,57: 457-463. doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1982.11515078
Ezzahouani, A. (1997). The effect of ethephon on ruby seedless grapes. Actes Inst. Agron. Veto (Maroc).,17 (4): 227-230.
Ferrara, G., Mazzeo, A., Matarresa, A.M.S., Pacucci, C., Trani, A., Fidelibus, M.W., Gambacorta, G. (2016). Ethephon as a potential abcission agent for table grapes: effects on pre-harvest abcission, fruit quality and residue. Frontiers in Plant Science,7: 1-7. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00620
Gallegos., J.I., Gonzalez, R., Gonzalez, M.R., Martin, P. (2006). Changes in composition and colour development of ‘Trempranillo’ grapes during ripening induced by ethephon treatments at véraison. Acta Hort.727: 505-512. doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.727.62
Hale, C.R., Coombe, B.G., Hawker, J.S. (1970). Effects of ethylene and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid on the ripening of grapes. Plant Physiol.45: 620-623. doi.org/10.1104/pp.45.5.620
Heil, R.M. (1998). Effect of training system and pruning severity on the growth yield and fruit composition of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines. (PhD), California State University, Fresno.
Kaur, M., Gill, M.I.S., Arora, N.K. (2013). Effect of pre-harvest treatment on yield, maturity and quality of Flame Seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.). J. Hortl. Sci., 8 (1): 35-40.
Kelen, M. (1991). Researches on viticulture of Van province and ampelographic properties of grape varieties grown here. (PhD), Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Van, Turkey.
Kök, D., Bal, E. (2018). Enhancing skin color and phenolic compounds of cv. Red Globe table grape (V. vinifera L.) utilizing of different preharvest treatments. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 60: 75–81. doi.org/10.1007/s10341-017-0352-8
Kurtural, K.S, Dami, A.I., Taylor, H.B. (2006). Effects of pruning and cluster thinning on yield and fruit composition of ‘Chambourcian’ grapevines. Hort Technology, 16 (2): 233-240. Lavee, S., Erez, A., Shulman, Y. (1977). Control of vegetativegrowth of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) with 2- chloroethylphosphonicacid (ethephon) and other growth inhibitors. Vitis, 16: 89-96. doi.org/10.5073/vitis.1977.16.89-96
Leao, P.C.D.S., Lima, M.A.C., Costa, J.P.D., Trindade, D.C.G. (2014). Abscisic acid and ethephon for improving red color andquality of Crimson Seedless grapes grown in a tropical region. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 66: 37–45. doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2014.14041
Lombard, P.J., Viljoen, J.A., Wolf, E.E., Calitz, F.J. (2004). The eﬀect ofethephon on berry colour of ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Bonheur’ table grapes. S. Afr.J. Enol. Vitic.,25: 1–12. doi.org/10.21548/25-1-2131
Miele, A., Rizzon, A.L. (2013). Pruning and cluster thinning intensity on the composition of Cabernet Sauvignon grape. Rev. Bras. Frutic., Jaboticabal - SP, 4 (35): 1081-1092. doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452013000400020
Nikolaou, N., Zioziou, E., Stavrakas, D., Patakas, A. (2003). Effects ofethephon, methanol, ethanol and girdling treatments on berry maturity and colour development in Cardinal table grapes. Austr. J. Grape Wine Res. 9: 12–14. doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2003.tb00227.x
Pehlivan, E.C., Uzun, H.İ. (2015). Shiraz üzüm çeşidinin verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine salkım seyreltmenin etkileri. Van YYÜ Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (2): 119-126. doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236407
Rodriguez-Delgado, M.A., Malovana, S., Perez, J.P., Borges, T., Garcia-Montelongo, FJ. (2001). Separation of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography with absorbance and fluorimetric detection. Journal of chromatography. 912: 249-257. doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00598-2
Ruffner, H.P. (1982). Metabolism of tartaric and malic acids in Vitis. A Rev.-Part b. Vitis, 21: 346-358.
Shalan, A.M. (2013). Performance of Vitis vinifera cultivar Flame Seedless grapevines under different node load per centimeter square of trunk cross-sectional area. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 5(2): 139-152. doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2013.139.152
Shulman, Y., Cohen, S., Loınger, C. (1985). Improved maturation and wine quality of Carignane grapes by ethephon treatments. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 36 (4): 264-267.
Swain, T., Hillis, W.E. (1959). The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica I. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 10: 63– doi.org/68. 10.1002/jsfa.2740100110
Szyjewicz, E., Kliewer, W.M. (1983). Influence of timing of ethephon application on yield and fruit composition of Chenin Blanc grapevines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 34 (2): 53-56.
Uzquiza, L., González, R., González, M.R., Fidelibus, M.W., Martín, P. (2015). A preharvest treatment of ethephon and methyl jasmonate aﬀects mechanical harvesting performance and composition of ‘Verdejo’ grapes and wines. Eur. J.Hortic. Sci. 80: 97–102. doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2015/80.3.1
Uzun, H.İ. (1996). Bağcılık. Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 69, Türkiye.
Zahedi, M., Mortazavi, S., Moallemi, N., Abdosi, V. (2013). Effect of pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid and ethephon on the quality of table grape. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 3 (2): 125-131.