Halil SAMET, Yakup ÇIKILI

Aşırı Kadmiyumun Semizotu Varyetelerinin Büyüme, Tolerans ve Fizyolojik Karakteristiklerine Etkisi

Bu çalışma, serada ve doğal ışık koşulları altında aşırı kadmiyumun (Cd) iki semizotu (Portulaca oleracea L.) varyetesinin (İstanbul çeşidi ve yabani varyete) bitki gelişimi ve fizyolojik karakteristikleri ile bazı metal besin iyonlarının bitkideki akümülasyonu ve dağılımı üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, toprağa altı düzeyde Cd (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 ve 800 μM CdCl2) uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, Cd stresi her iki varyetede de doz artışına bağlı olarak bitki gelişimini kademeli olarak azaltmış ve varyetelerin fotosentetik pigment içerikleri (klorofil a, b, a+b ve karotenoid), nispi nem içeriği, biyokonsantrasyon faktörü ve prolin akümülasyonunda azalmaya neden olmuştur. İstanbul çeşidine göre yabani varyetede biokütle üretimi ve fotosentetik pigment içeriklerindeki azalmalar daha fazla olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, Cd uygulamaları sonucu her iki varyetede gövdede ve kökte Cd, çinko (Zn) ve sodyum (Na) kapsamları ile Cd alımları, toplam Cd akümülasyon oranı, kökler aracılığıyla alınan net Cd akümülasyonu, malondialdehit (MDA) ve hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) içerikleri artmıştır. Kök uzunluğu, gövdede ve kökte potasyum (K) ve (Ca) kapsamları, Cd’un translokasyon faktörü (TF) ve yaprakların membran geçirgenliğindeki (MP) değişimler çeşitlere göre farklılıklar göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; yetişme ortamındaki aşırı Cd’un etkilerinin İstanbul çeşidine (Cd’a dayanıklı) göre yabani semizotu varyetesinde (Cd’a hassas) daha belirgin olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.

Effects of Excess Cadmium on Growth, Tolerance and Physiological Characteristics of Purslane Varieties

This study was designed to understand the effects of excess cadmium (Cd) on plant growth andphysiological characteristics as well as the accumulation and distribution of some metal nutrient ions with twopurslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) varieties (cv. Istanbul and wild variety) in greenhouse at natural lightconditions. For this purpose, six levels of Cd (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM CdCl2) were treated to the soil.The results indicated that Cd stress gradually depressed plant growth and caused the decreases in photosyntheticpigment contents (chlorophyll a, b, a+b, and carotenoids), relative water content (RWC), bio-concentrationfactor (BCF), and proline accumulation in shoot for both varieties. The reductions in biomass production andphotosynthetic pigments contents in wild variety were higher than in cv. Istanbul. Moreover, Cd exposureincreased the concentrations of Cd, zinc (Zn), and sodium (Na) and the uptakes of Cd in shoot and root, totalaccumulation rate (TAR) of Cd and net accumulation of Cd via roots, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA)and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both varieties. The changes in root length, the concentrations of potassium (K)and calcium (Ca) in shoot and root, translocation factor (TF) of Cd, and membrane permeability (MP) of theleaves were shown differences in varieties. According to these results obtained, it was concluded that the effectof Cd exposure was more evident in wild variety (Cd-sensitive) than in cv. Istanbul (Cd-tolerant).

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