Hegemonya ve Peloponnessos Savaşları

Hegemonya herhangi bir tehdit durumunda ortak düşmana karşı kurulan bir güç birliği anlamına gelmektedir. Herhangi bir zorlama ya da baskı olmaksızın ortaya çıkan bu birlikteliklerin en önemli koşulu ise kurulan ittifaklara üye devletlerin kendi rızasıyla dâhil olmasıdır. Yunan Klasik Çağı’ndan itibaren görülen hegemonik blokların ortaya çıkışının en önemli nedeni söz konusu dönemi karakterize eden Pers istilalarıdır. Perslerin Yunanistan’ı işgali şehir-devletlerinin ortak tehdide karşı bir araya gelmelerini sağlamış fakat zamanla bu birlikteliğin kendi içinde başlayan güç yarışı yeni bir savaşa neden olmuştur. Peloponnessos Savaşları olarak adlandırılan ve Antik Çağ’ın en büyük mücadelesi olarak nitelendirilen bu savaşlar başlangıçta müttefik olan fakat kendi müttefiklerinin rızası dışında bir hegemonya kurmaya başlayan Atina İmparatorluğuna karşı yapılmıştır. Tam olarak yirmi yedi yıl süren ve hegemon olma yolunda yapılan mücadelelerin en önemli örneği olarak bilinen Peloponnessos Savaşları, Antik Yunan’ın en büyük iki şehir-devleti olan Atina ve Sparta arasında meydana gelmiştir. Başta Atina ve Sparta olmak üzere diğer şehir-devletlerinin bağımsızlık mücadelesinden doğan Peloponnessos Savaşları’nın yıkıcı etkisi Yunan şehir-devletlerinin bağımsızlıklarını kaybetmelerine ve yabancı bir devlet olan Makedonya hegemonyası altına girmelerine neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hegemonya, Atina, Sparta, Pers-Yunan Savaşları, Peloponnessos Savaşları

Hegemony and the Peloponnessos Wars

Hegemony means a union of forces against a common enemy in case of any threat. The most important condition of these unions, which emerged without any coercion or pressure, is that the member states are included in the alliances voluntarily. The most important reason for the emergence of hegemonic blocks seen since the Greek Classical Age is the Persian invasions that characterize the period in question. The invasion of Greece by the Persians enabled the city-states to come together against the common threat, but over time, the power race that started within this union led to a new war. This war, called the Peloponnesian Wars and described as the greatest struggle of the Ancient Age, was fought against the Athenian Empire, which was initially an ally but began to establish a hegemony against the consent of its allies. The Peloponnesian Wars, which lasted exactly twenty-seven years and are known as the most important example of the struggles to become hegemon, took place between the two largest states of Ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta. The devastating effect of the Peloponnesian Wars, which emerged from the struggle for independence of other city-states, especially Athens and Sparta, caused the Greek city-states to lose their independence and fall under the hegemony of Macedonia, a foreign state.

Keywords:

Hegemonya, Atina, Sparta, Pers-Yunan Savaşları, Peloponnessos Savaşları,

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