What role for soft law in building and developing the climate change regime?

Bu makale, merkezinde 1992 BM İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi ve Kyoto Protokolü bulunan iklim değişikliği rejiminin giderek karmaşık hale gelen normatif yapısını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Üç bölümden oluşan makalenin birinci bölümü, çalışmada yaygın olarak kullanılan üç temel kavrama açıklık getirmeyi hedeflemektedir. İkinci bölüm, genel olarak uluslararası çevre hukukunda, özel olarak da iklim değişikliği rejiminde sofi law'un artan kullanım nedenlerini ele alırken, küresel iklim değişikliğine ilişkin uluslararası hukuku da değerlendirmektedir. Son bölümde, kısaca küresel iklim değişikliğine ilişkin düzenlemelerin normatif yapısını gözden geçirilirken; bu bağlamda raporlama, denetleme, ihlal ve esneklik mekanizmaları da incelenmektedir. Çalışma, devletlerin pazarlık gücü, düzenlenen konudaki bilimsel bulguların ulaştığı nokta ve konun taşıdığı politik önem olarak tanımlanabilecek faktörlerin farklılık gösterebilecek bileşimleri temelinde, iklim değişikliği rejiminin gelişiminde hem soft law'un hem de hard law'un devletler tarafından kullanılabileceğini savunmaktadır.

İklim değişikliği rejiminin inşası ve gelişiminde soft law'un rolü

This paper aims to portray the increasingly complex normative structure of international climate change regime, which consists of the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol as well as other additional elements that playing a role, such as the practices of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Global Environmental Facility and procedures of these institutions. The paper is composed of three parts. The first part defines three key concepts, used extensively in this paper. Part two discusses factors promoting the increasing use of soft law in international environmental management in general and climate change regime in particular and overviews the international legal foundations on which the climate change regime is built. Part three briefly analysis of the norm structure of the CCR, including the reporting, review and noncompliance mechanisms as well as the flexibility mechanisms that this regime lays down. The paper concludes that both hard and soft law may have differential effects on both rule development and effective implementation of climate change rules depending mainly on three factors: 'political saliency ', 'the perceived state of scientific knowledge' and 'the bargaining power of the states' that favour either hard or respectively soft law.

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