Nijerya'da Hayvan ve İnsan Campylobacter Türleri Enfeksiyonlarının Epidemiyolojisi: Retrospektif Bir Bakış ve Önleme ve Kontrolde Tek Sağlık Yaklaşımına Olan İhtiyaç

Campylobacter enfeksiyonu zoonotiktir ve küresel bir ekonomik ve halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bakteriler hem hayvanlarda hem de insanlarda gastroenterit ve diğer sağlığı zayıflatıcı ve ekonomik sorunlara neden olurlar. Enfeksiyonun edinilmesi ve yayılmasına yardımcı olan epidemiyolojik faktörler ve risk uygulamaları gelişmekte olan ülkelerde özellikle Nijerya'da hala varlığın sürdürmektedir, ancak enfeksiyonun dağılımı ve kontrolü hakkında epidemiyolojik bilgi yetersizdir. Epidemiyolojik verilerin önemini göz önünde bulundurarak, bu çalışma 1981-2022 yılları arasında Nijerya'da hayvanlardan, gıda matrislerinden ve insanlardan Campylobacter izolatlarının yaygınlığı ve antimikrobiyal direnç profilleri üzerine 53 uygun makaleyi sistematik olarak incelemiştir. 53 makale, sırasıyla hayvanlardan, gıda matrislerinden, sudan ve insanlardan 9329, 3529, 571 ve 5523 örnekleme popülasyonuna sahiptir. C. jejuni ve C. coli en yaygın rapor edilen türler olup, prevalans aralığı sırasıyla; tavuklarda %5.3-60.7, diğer gıda üretiminde kullanılan hayvanlarda %3.5-92.7, evcil hayvanlarda %14.3-27.7, su kaynaklarında %8.8-68.8, hayvansal kaynaklı gıdalarda %4.8-96, 5 yaşın altındaki çocuklarda %0.5-43.8 ve diğer risk altındaki bireylerde %7-70'tir. Aynı sırayla hesaplanan birleşik prevalans sırasıyla %26.8, %23.1, %20.7, %34.8, %53.7, %12.7 ve %25.4'tür. İncelenen 53 makalenin 11'inde (%21) moleküler tanı araçları kullanılırken, çoklu ilaç direnci 15'inde (%28) rapor edilmiştir. Nijerya'da, gıda hayvanı üretiminin yoğunlaştırılması, hayvan ve et işleyicileri tarafından koruyucu ekipmanların kullanımı, hayvansal kökenli gıdaların yeterli pişirilmesi, hayvan tarımında antibiyotiklerin özenli kullanımı ve kamfilobakteriyozun kontrolünde koordineli bir Tek Sağlık yaklaşımını önemli hale getirmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hayvan, Campylobacter, epidemiyoloji, insanlar, Nijerya

Epidemiology of Animal and Human Campylobacter Species Infections in Nigeria: A Retrospective Insight and the Need for One Health Approach in the Prevention and Control

Campylobacter infection is zoonotic and has remained a global economic and public health concern. The bacteria cause gastroenteritis and other debilitating health and economic problems in both animals and humans. Epidemiological factors and risk practices aiding the acquisition and dissemination of the infection still subsist in developing countries, particularly Nigeria, but epidemiological information on the distribution and control of the infection is sparse. Taking cognizance of the significance of epidemiological data, this study systematically reviewed 53 eligible articles on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Campylobacter isolates from animals, food matrices, and humans in Nigeria from 1981 to 2022. The 53 articles have a pooled sample population of 9329, 3529, 571, and 5523 from animals, food matrices, water, and humans, respectively. C. jejuni and C. coli were the most reported species with prevalence range: 5.3%-60.7%, 3.5%-92.7%, 14.3%-27.7%, 8.8%-68.8%, 4.8%-96%, 0.5%-43.8%, and 7%-70% in poultry, other food-producing animals, companion animal, water, food of animal origin, children <5 years old, and other individuals at risk, respectively. A pooled prevalence of 26.8%, 23.1%, 20.7%, 34.8%, 53.7%, 12.7%, and 25.4% in the same order was calculated. Of the 53 articles reviewed, molecular diagnostics tools were employed in 11 (21%) while multidrug resistance was reported in 15 (28%). Intensification of food animal production, use of protective wares by animal and meat handlers, adequate cooking of foods of animal origin, prudent use of antibiotics in animal agriculture, and a coordinated One Health approach to the control of campylobacteriosis has become pertinent in Nigeria.

Keywords:

Animal, Campylobacter, epidemiology, humans, Nigeria,

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