TÜRKİYE SANAYİ SEKTÖRÜNDE EMEK VERİMLİLİĞİ, İSTİHDAM VE ÜCRETLER

İktisat teorisinde ücretler, emek verimliliği ve istihdam arasındaki ilişkinin doğasına yönelik farklı yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Neoklasik yaklaşım rekabetçi koşullar altında ücretlerin emeğin marjinal fiziki ürün değerine eşit olduğunu öngörür. Fakat etkin ücret teorileri ve performans ölçekli ödeme yaklaşımı ücret ve emek verimliliği arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik farklı mekanizmaları dikkate alarak farklı sonuçlara ulaşır. Benzer şekilde, istihdam ile emek verimliliği ve ücretler arasında da farklı sonuçlar öngören görüşler vardır. Bu çalışmada 2005Q1-2016Q3 dönemi için Türkiye sanayi sektöründe emek verimliliği, istihdam ve ücretler arasındaki ilişki, Johansen ve Juselius (1990) Eşbütünleşme Testi ile Hata Düzeltme Modeline dayanan Granger Nedensellik Testi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular uzun dönemde istihdam artışının emek verimliliğini negatif, ücret artışlarını ise pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu, neoklasik iktisadın emek talebinin emek maliyetleri ve emeğin marjinal fiziki ürün değeri tarafından belirlendiği ilkesini destekleyici niteliktedir. Kısa döneme ilişkin sonuçlar ise tahmin edilen Hata Düzeltme Modeli bulgularına dayanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İstihdam, Ücretler ve Emek Verimliliği, Johansen Eşbütünleşme, Hata Düzeltme Modeli.

LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES IN TURKISH INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

There are different theoretical approaches in economics related to the nature of relationship between wages, labor productivity and employment. Neoclassical theory predicts that, under competitive conditions, wages are tend to equalize to the value of marginal physical product of labor. However, efficient wage theories and performance based payment systems, taking into account different mechanisms of relationship between wages and labor productivity, lead to different conclusions. Similarly, there are different theoretical outcomes related to the relationship of employment-labor productivity and employment-wages. This study, using quarterly data for the period from Q1 2005 to Q3 2016, examines the relationship between wages, labor productivity and employment for Turkish industrial sector. The econometric approach is based on the Johansen and Juselius (1990) Cointegration Test and Causality Test Based on Granger Error Correction Model. The results show that the increase in employment in the long run affects labor productivity negatively and wage increases are positively affected. This conclusion support the neoclassical principle that labor demand is determined by the labor cost and by the value of marginal physical product of labor. Short run conclusions of the study are based on the findings of Error Correction Model.

Keywords:

Employment, Wages and Labor Productivity, Johansen Cointegration, Error Correction Model.,

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