Kamu Destek ve Teşviklerinin Firma Performansına Etkisi

Amaç: Türkiye’de uygulanan kamu destek ve teşviklerinden yararlanan firmaların özellikleri betimsel olarak incelenmektedir. Ayrıca, destek alan firmaların ölçek, net satış ve ihracat açısından destek almayanlara göre performanslarının nasıl farklılaştığının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.Yöntem: Çalışmada Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı tarafından oluşturulan ve Girişimci Bilgi Sistemi’nde yer alan farklı veri setlerinin birleştirilmesiyle elde edilen özel bir veri seti kullanılmıştır. Bu veri seti 2008-2018 yıllarına ait olup, destek alma durumunun firma performansıyla ilişkisi dinamik panel veri modeliyle tahmin edilmiştir.Bulgular: Sektör, çalışan sayısı ve bölgeye göre değişmekle birlikte, firmaların kamu desteklerinden yararlanma oranı ortalama %3,5’tir. Model tahmin sonuçları desteklerden faydalanan ve faydalanmayan girişimlerin performans açısından farklılaştığını ortaya koymaktadır. Girişimler arasındaki farklılaşmanın performans ve destek türüne göre de değiştiği görülmüştür. En belirgin performans farklılaşması yatırım teşviklerde görülürken, en az farklılaşma TÜBİTAK desteklerinde gözlenmiştir.Özgünlük: Türkiye’de kamu tarafından firmalara yönelik farklı amaca hizmet eden birçok destek ve teşvik sağlanmaktadır. Çeşitli destek programlarından yararlanan firmaların özelliklerini ortaya koymak bundan sonra yapılacak daha kapsamlı analizlere temel oluşturması açısından önemlidir. Bunun yanı sıra, bu çalışma firma desteklerinin firma performans göstergeleriyle ilişkisine yönelik sınırlı literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kamu Destekleri, Teşvikler, Firma Performansı, Ar-Ge, Yenilik ve Girişimcilik Destekleri

Impact of Public Supports and Incentives on Firm Performance

Purpose: In this study, characteristics of the firms benefiting from the public supports and incentives applied in Türkiye are analyzed. It is also aimed to present results of their performance in terms of scale, net sales and exports compared to those which do not benefit from them.Methodology: A special data set combining data from various resources by Ministry of Industry and Technology under Entrepreneur Information System is used. The differentiation of the firm performances is analyzed with dynamic panel data models for 2008-2018.Findings: Despite varying by sector, number of employees and region, firm utilization rate of subsidies is 3.5% on average. According to estimation results, beneficiary firms perform better compared to non-beneficiaries. The differentiation of firm performance varies by the type of support and the performance indicator. The greatest differences are observed in investment subsidies and in the subsidies provided by TUBITAK.Originality: Various public incentives and support serving different purposes are provided to firms in Türkiye. It is important to reveal the characteristics of the firms benefiting from these support programs. Besides, this study will contribute to the limited literature on the relationship between firm supports and firm performance indicators.

Keywords:

Public Supports, Incentives, Firm Performance, R&D, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Supports,

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