Sertoli Hücresi ve Kan-Testis Bariyeri

Sertoli hücresi, testis morfolojisinin gelişimini başlatan ve spermatogenik fonksiyon için önemli parametreleri belirleyen kritik bir somatik hücredir. Sertoli hücre bariyeri olarak da bilinen ve memeli vücudundaki en sıkı doku bariyerlerinden biri olan kan testis bariyeri, postmayotik eşey hücre antijenlerini sistemik dolaşımdan ayırmak için immünolojik bir bariyerdir. Ayrıca, leptoten aşamasından adluminal bölmeye geçen spermatositlerin gelişimi için özel bir mikro ortam oluşturur. Su, elektrolitler, iyonlar, hormonlar, parakrin faktörler ve biyolojik moleküller gibi bazı maddelerin Sertoli hücrelerinin arasından apikale doğru geçişini kısıtlar. Spermatogenik hücreleri toksik ve ilaç içeren çevresel zararlı maddelerden, sistemik sirkulasyondaki hormonlar ve biyomoleküllerden ayırır. Neredeyse geçirimsiz olan bu bariyer, antikorlar da dahil olmak üzere proteinlerin spermatogenik hücrelere ulaşmasını engeller. Tersi yönde de gelişmekte olan spermatogenik hücrelerden protein sızmasını ve immun cevabı tetiklemesini engeller. Bu derlemede, Sertoli hücrelerinin fonksiyonel özellikleri ile kan-testis bariyerinin moleküler yapısı, bariyer dinamiklerine dahil olan maddeler ve spermatogenezisin gerçekleşmesindeki önemi ile ilgili bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kan-testis bariyeri, Sertoli hücresi, testis

The Sertoli Cell and Blood-Testis Barrier

The Sertoli cell is a critical somatic cell that initiates the development of testicular morphology and determines important parameters for spermatogenic function. The blood-testis barrier, also known as the Sertoli cell barrier and one of the tightest tissue barriers in the mammalian body, is an immunological barrier to separate post meiotic germ cell antigens from the systemic circulation. Additionally, creating a unique microenvironment for the development of spermatocytes that exceed into the adluminal compartment from the leptotene stage. It restricts the passage of substances such as paracrine factors, electrolytes, hormones, water, and biological molecules to the apical part of the seminiferous tubule. It separates spermatogenic cells from toxic and drug-containing environmentally harmful substances, hormones, and biomolecules in the systemic circulation. This nearly impenetrable barrier prevents proteins, including antibodies, from reaching the spermatogenic cells. It also prevents protein leakage from developing spermatogenic cells and forming an immune response. This review explains Sertoli's functional properties, the testis barrier's molecular structure, the substances involved in the barrier dynamics, and their importance in realizing spermatogenesis.

Keywords:

Blood-testis barrier, Sertoli cell, testis,

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