Diyabetik Sıçanlarda Vaccinium myrtillus'un Paraoksonaz Aktivitesi, Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametreler ve Pankreas Fonksiyonları Üzerindeki Koruyucu Etkisi

Amaç: Diyabet, dünyada halk sağlığı alanında en büyük sorunlardan biridir. Şifalı bitkiler arasında yer alan Vaccinium myrtillus L. özütü, güçlü antioksidan aktiviteye sahiptir. Bu amaçla, deneysel diyabetik sıçanlarda Vaccinium myrtillus ekstraktının serum paraoksonaz (PON1), pankreas enzim düzeyleri ve lipid düzeyleri üzerine olası etkileri araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada toplam 32 erkek sıçan (Wistar albino) kullanıldı ve dört gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol(C), diyabetik (D), Vaccinium myrtillus (VM), diyabet artı Vaccinium myrtillus (DVM) grupları. D ve DVM gruplarında, tek doz intraperitoneal 45 mg/kg streptozotosin kullanılarak deneysel diyabet oluşturuldu. Vaccinium myrtillus özütü, VM ve DVM gruplarına oral gavaj yoluyla 1.2 mg/kg/21 gün olarak uygulandı. Çalışmanın sonunda; serum HbA1c, lipid parametreleri, amilaz, lipaz ve paraoksonaz (PON1) enzimleri analiz edildi. Bulgular: VM (VM ve DVM) ile tedavi edilen diyabetik gruplarda HbA1c önemli ölçüde azaldı. Diyabetik deneklere VM uygulandıktan sonra kolesterol, LDL-C ve VLDL-C seviyeleri önemli ölçüde azalırken, diğer lipidlerin önemsiz bir şekilde azaldığı bulundu. Vaccinium myrtillus ekstresi DVM grubunda D grubuna göre pankreas enzimlerinde hafif bir düşüşe ve paraoksonaz enziminde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artışa neden oldu. Sonuç: Elde edilen veriler, Vaccinium myrtillus ekstresinin diyabetle ilişkili komplikasyonların önlenmesinde potansiyel koruyucu bir rol oynayabileceğini desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Vaccinium mrytillus, diyabet, paraoksonaz, pankreas fonksiyonu, lipidler

Protective effect of Vaccinium myrtillus on Paraoxonase Activity, Some Biochemical Parameters and Pancreatic Functions in Diabetic Rats

Objective: Diabetes is one of the biggest problems in the field of public health in the world. Vaccinium myrtillus L. extract, among the medicinal plants, has powerful antioxidant activity. For this aim, the possible effects of Vacillus myrtillus extract on serum paraoxonase (PON1), pancreatic enzyme levels, and lipid levels in experimental diabetic rats were investigated. Material and Method: A total of 32 male rats (Wistar albino) were used in this study and divided into four groups. Control (C), diabetic (D), Vaccinium myrtillus (VM), diabetes plus Vaccinium myrtillus (DVM) groups. In D and DVM groups, experimental diabetes was induced using a single dose of intraperitoneal 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. Vaccinium myrtillus extract was administered as 1.2 mg/kg/21 days by oral gavage in VM and DVM groups. At the end of the study; serum HbA1c, lipid parameters, amylase, lipase, and paraoxonase (PON1) enzymes were analyzed. Results: HbA1c was significantly reduced in diabetic groups treated with VM (VM and DVM). Cholesterol, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels were significantly reduced after VM was administered to diabetic subjects, while other lipids were found to decrease insignificantly. Vaccinium myrtillus extract caused a slight decrease in pancreatic enzymes and a statistically significant increase in paraoxonase enzyme in the DVM group compared to group D. Conclusion: The obtained data support that Vaccinium myrtillus extract may play a potential protective role in preventing diabetes-associated complications.

Keywords:

Vaccinium mrytillus, diabetes, paraoxonase, pancreas function, lipids,

PDF

___

Ryden L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, Berne C, Cosentino F, et al. ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J 2013; 34(39): 3035-3087.
Alberti K, Zimmet P. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998; 15(7): 539-553.
Krentz A, Bailey C. Oral antidiabetic agents. Drugs 2005; 65(3): 385-411.
Kos E, Liszek M, Emanuele M, Durazo-Arvizu R, Camacho P. Effect of metformin therapy on vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine Pract 2012; 18(2): 179-184.
Stein SA, Lamos EM, Davis SN. A review of the efficacy and safety of oral antidiabetic drugs. Exp Opin Drug Saf 2013; 12(2): 153-175.
Li Y, Perera P. Functional herbal food ingredients used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmac 2012; 6(11): 37.
Wang Z, Wang J, Chan P. Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with traditional chinese and Indian medicinal herbs. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 1-17.
Helmstädter A, Schuster N. Vaccinium myrtillus as an antidiabetic medicinal plant–research through the ages. Die Pharm. Int J Pharm Sci 2010; 65(5): 315-321.
Chu W, Cheung SCM, Lau RAW. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) In: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, Editors. 2011. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition. Chapter 4. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/ Taylor Francis.
Sancho R, Pastore G. Evaluation of the effects of anthocyanins in type 2 diabetes. Food Res Int, 2012; 46(1): 378-386.
Asgary S, Rafieian KM, Sahebkar A, Shamsi F, Goli-Malekabadi N. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Vaccinium myrtillus fruit in experimentally induced diabetes (antidiabetic effect of Vaccinium myrtillus fruit). J Sci Food Agric 2015; 96(3): 764-768.
Mackness M, Mackness B. Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1): Gene structure and expression, promiscuous activities and multiple physiological roles. Gene 2015; 567(1): 12-21.
Grace M, Ribnicky D, Kuhn P, Poulev A, Logendra S, et al. Hypoglycemic activity of a novel anthocyanin-rich formulation from lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton Phytomedicine. 2009; 16(5): 406-415.
Ahren B. Type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion and beta-cell mass. CMM 2005; 5(3): 275-286.
Adiels M, Taskinen MR, Packard C, Caslake MJ, Soro-Paavonen A, et al. Overproduction of large VLDL particles is driven by increased liver fat content in man. Diabetologia 2006; 49(4): 755-765.
Yadav R, BhaRtiYa JP, Verma SK, Nandkeoliar MK. The evaluation of serum amylase in the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a possible correlation with the pancreatic functions. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7(7); 1291-1294.
Xiao C, Lewis GF. Regulation of chylomicron production in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1821(5): 736-746.
Taskinen M, Borén J. New insights into the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia in type2diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239(2): 483-495.
Gylling H, Hallikainen M, Pihlajamaki J, Simonen P, Kuusisto J, et al. Insulin sensitivity regulates cholesterol metabolism to a greater extent than obesity: Lessons from the METSIM Study. The J Lipid Res 2010; 51(8): 2422-2427.
Kruger M, Davies N, Myburgh K, Lecour S. Proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and cardiovascular diseases. Food Research Intern 2014; 59: 41-52.
Tsuda T, Horio F, Uchida K, Aoki H, Osawa T. Dietary cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside-rich purple corn color prevents obesity and ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice. J Nutr 2003; 133(7): 2125-2130.
Liang Y, Chen J, Zuo Y, Ma KY, Jiang, Y, et al. Blueberry anthocyanins at doses of 0.5 and 1% lowered plasma cholesterol by increasing fecal excretion of acidic and neutral sterols in hamsters fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52: 869-875.
Farbstein D, Levy A. HDL dysfunction in diabetes: causes and possible treatments. Expert Rev Cardiovasculer Ther 2012; 10(3): 353-361.
Kostapanos M. High density lipoproteins and type 2 diabetes: Emerging concepts in their relationship. WJEM 2014; 4(1): 1.
Nakajima K, Nemoto T, Muneyuki T, Kakei M, Fuchigami H, et al. Low serum amylase in association with metabolic syndrome and diabetes: A community-based study. Cardiovas Diabetol 2011; 10(1): 34.
Singh J, Yago MD, Adeghate E. The role of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, acetylcholine and nerve stimulation in the interactions between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in normal and diabetic conditions in rats. Int. J. Diabet Mellit 1998; 6: 105-121.
Matsuda A, Makino N, Tozawa T, Shirahata N, Honda T, et al. Pancreatic fat accumulation, fibrosis, and acinar cell injury in the zucker diabetic fatty rat fed a chronic high-fat diet. Pancreas 2014; 43(5): 735-74.
Cheng Q, Cai S, Ni D, Wang R, Zhou F, et al. In vitro antioxidant and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activity of isolated fractions from water extract of Qingzhuan tea. J Food Sci Tech 2013; 52(2): 928-935.
Gray DM. Carbohydrate digestion and absorption role of small intestine. New Eng. J Med 1995; 29: 1225-1230.
Steinberg W, Nauck M, Zinman B, Daniels G, Bergenstal R, et al. Leader 3—lipase and amylase activity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Pancreas 2014; 43(8): 1223-1231.
Dechakhamphu A, Wongchum N. Screening for anti-pancreatic lipase properties of 28 traditional Thai medicinal herbs. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 5(12): 1042-1045.
Jeong JY, Jo YH, Lee KY, Do SG, Hwang BY, et al.Optimization of pancreatic lipase inhibition by Cudrania tricuspidata fruits using response surface methodology. Bioorg Medic Chem Lett 2014; 24(10); 2329-2333.
Hegele R, Ramdath D, Ban M, Carruthers M, Carrington C, et al. Polymorphisms in PNLIP, encoding pancreatic lipase, and associations with metabolic traits. J Hum Gen 2001; 46(6): 320-324.
You Q, Chen F, Wang X, Jiang Y, Lin S. Anti-diabetic activities of phenolic compounds in muscadine against alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. LWT-Food Sci Technol 2012; 46(1): 164-168.
Guo H, Guo J, Jiang X, Li Z, Ling W. Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside, a typical anthocyanin, exhibits antilipolytic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during hyperglycemia: Involvement of FoxO1-mediated transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2012; 50(9): 3040-3047.
Abbott C, Mackness M, Kumar S, Boulton A, Durrington P. Serum paraoxonase activity, concentration, and phenotype distribution in diabetes mellitus and its relationship to serum lipids and lipoproteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15(11): 1812-1818.
Ying Y. Paraoxonase 1 activity as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2010; 41(5): 1231-1246.
Takaeidi M, Jahangiri A, Khodayar M, Siahpoosh A, Yaghooti H, et al. The effect of date seed (phoenix dactylifera) extract on paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in hypercholesterolemic rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2014; 9(1): 30-34.
Zhou H, Zhang X, Lu J. Progress on diabetic cerebrovascular diseases. Bosna J Basic Med Sci 2014; 14(4): 185-190.
Farrell N, Norris G, Lee S, Chun O, Blesso C. Anthocyanin-rich black elderberry extract improves markers of HDL function and reduces aortic cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mice. Food Funct 2015; 6(4): 1278-1287.