HAVA KARGO TAŞIMACILIĞININ DIŞ TİCARET ve GSMH ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNE YÖNELİK ÇALIŞMA: AVRUPA ÖRNEĞİ

Hava kargo (HK) taşımacılığı, tedarik zincirinde önemli bir taşımacılık türü olup küresel ticaret hacminin artışı ve havacılık sektör büyümesi paralelinde her geçen yıl gelişim göstermektedir. Özellikle sunduğu zaman avantajına ilave olarak e-ticaret kavramı ile gelişen, üreticiden direkt tüketiciye teslimat paradigması sayesinde gelecekte de gelişimini sürdüreceği ve 2025 yılına kadar %96’lık ek büyüme göstereceği öngörülmektedir (ICAO, 2019; Van Asch vd, 2020). Küresel COVID19 salgını süresince, havacılığın diğer alanlarına nazaran artan talep ve başarılı stratejiler sayesinde tedarik zincirindeki kayıplar, asgari düzeyde tutulabilmiştir. Ürünlerin küresel pazara tam zamanında sunulması için elzem olan HK taşımacılığındaki gelişim, sürdürülebilir ve yatırım desteğine muhtaçtır. İlgili yatırım kararları ise gerçekçi gelecek öngörüsü altında yapılmalıdır. Bu sebeple kargo uçuşlarının bağlantılı olduğu parametreleri, uçuş faaliyetlerini hangi yönde ve ne derecede etkilediği hususlarının tespiti, kaynakların etkin kullanımı ilkesi gereğince hayati öneme haizdir. Çalışmada dünya bankası açık erişim verilerinden yararlanılarak Avrupa kıtasında en yüksek GSMH’ye sahip 11 ülke araştırma evrenine dahil edilmiş, ilgili ülkelerin HK uçuşları ile ithalat, ihracat ve GSMH’lerinin arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Granger / Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analizi aracılığı ile ilgili parametreler incelenmiş ve genel olarak Almanya, İngiltere, Fransa ve İsveç’in HK taşımacılığını aktif şekilde kullandıklarını ve bu taşıma türünün ekonomilerini pozitif etkilediği söylenebilir. HK taşımacılığını bazı ülkeler ithalatta bazıları ise ihracatta aktif olarak kullanırken, Polonya’nın ağırlıklı olarak HK yerine diğer taşımacılık türlerine ağırlık verdiği anlamına gelmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Nedensellik Analizi, Hava Kargo, Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi, Havacılık Yönetimi, international logistics

STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF AIR CARGO TRANSPORTATION ON FOREIGN TRADE AND GNP: THE EUROPEAN EXAMPLE

Air Cargo (AC) transportation, which is a sub domain of supply chain, has been progressed every year with in the harmony global trade volume. In addition, its advantage about fast delivery option, developments in e-commerce and B2C paradigm ensures its increase potential with the expectation of 96% until 2025. During the COVID19 outbreak, losses in the AC activities relatively got less number compared to other transportation branches due to the successful strategies and burst of demand. Products, which ought to be ensured deliver on time, needs developments and continuous investment in the sector. Investments have to be decided with the realistic future expectations. Hence it’s crucial to determine AC activities’ associated economic parameters. In the study, 11 countries with the highest GNP in the European continent were included in the research universe by making use of the world bank open access data, and the causal relationship between the HK flights of the relevant countries and their import, export and GNP was examined.. Granger / Toda-Yamamoto causality test shows evidence, it can be said that Germany, England, France and Sweden actively use AC transportation and this type of transportation positively affects their economy. While some countries actively use AC transportation in imports and some in exports, Poland mainly focuses on other types of transportation instead of AC.

Keywords:

Casuality Analysis, Air Cargo, Aviation Management, Supply Chain Management, international logistics,

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