Mehmetali KASIM

Rusya’nın 2022 Yılındaki Ukrayna İşgaline Karşı Büyük Güçlerin Tepkileri

Sovyetler Birliği (SSCB) dağıldıktan sonra büyük güç statüsünü kaybeden Rusya 21. Yüzyılın ilk on yılında hızlı bir şekilde toparlanmayı başarmıştır. Asya’nın ve diğer dünya bölgelerinin hızla kalkınmaya devam etmesi, dünya güç dengelerini Batı ülkelerinin aleyhine değişimine sebep olmuştur. Rusya bu gidişatı fırsat olarak değerlendirmiş, Çin, İran gibi Batı karşıtı ülkelerle yakın ilişkiler geliştirerek tek kutuplu mevcut dünya düzeninden çok kutuplu yenidünya düzenine geçiş yapmaya önderlik ederek gelecekteki dünya siyasetinde etkili bir güç olmayı amaçlamıştır. Eski ihtişamını tekrar elde etmek maksadıyla ülke içinde milliyetçiliğin güçlenmesini teşvik etmiş, dünyada özellikle eski SSCB coğrafyasında etkinliğini pekiştirmek ve nüfuzunu korumak istemiştir. Bu sebeple Rusya 2008 Gürcistan işgali ve 2014 Kırım işgaliyle yetinmeyerek 2022 yılında geniş çaplı Ukrayna işgalini başlatmıştır. Böylece uluslararası hukuka dayalı mevcut dünya düzenine de meydan okumuştur. Rus işgaline karşı uluslararası toplumun özellikle büyük güçlerin tavırları birbirinden farklılıklar arz etmiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Amerika ile Avrupa ülkeleri başta olmak üzere Batı demokratik devletlerin Rusya işgaline karşı sergilediği tavırlar ve bunun nedenleri ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra dünyanın en kalabalık komünist ülkesi ve yeniden yükselen güç Çin’in bu savaşta oynadığı rolü ve çıkarları değerlendirilmiştir. Akabinde Japonya, Hindistan gibi bölgesel büyük aktörlerin yaklaşımları incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

: Rusya Ukrayna Savaşı, Yayılmacılık, Büyük Güçler, Dünya Düzeni, Güvenlik Anlayışının Değişimi, Russia Ukraine War, Expansionism, Great Powers, World Order, Change of Security Perception

The Attitudes of the Great Powers against Russia's Invasion of Ukraine in 2022

With the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR), Russia lost its status as a great power and then rapidly began to recover in the first decade of the 21st century. The rapid development of Asia and other regions of the world has led to a change in the balance of power in the world to the detriment of Western countries. Russia saw this as an opportunity to become a powerful force in future world politics by leading the transition from the current unipolar world order to a multipolar new world order by developing close relations with anti-Western countries such as China and Iran. In order to regain its past glory, Russia encouraged the strengthening of nationalism within the country and wanted to consolidate and maintain its influence in the world, especially in the former USSR regions. For this reason, Russia was not satisfied with the 2008 Georgian invasion and 2014 Crimean annexation, and launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. This also challenged the current world order based on international law. The attitudes of the international community, especially the great powers, against the Russian occupation is differed from each other. In this study, we first examine the attitudes and reasons behind the Western democratic states, particularly the US and European countries, towards Russian occupation. Then we assess the role and interests of China, the world's most populous and largest communist state as well as a newly rising great power, in this war. Finally, we look at the approaches of major regional actors such as Japan and India.

Keywords:

Russia Ukraine War, Expansionism, Great Powers, World Order, Change of Security Perception,

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