TOPLUMSAL PARÇALANMA, SOSYAL DIŞLANMA VE TERÖRİZM

Terörizmle mücadelede başarı elde edilebilmesi ve sürdürülebilir bir barış ortamının sağlanabilmesi için terörizmin muhtemel belirleyici- lerinin sap tanması oldukça önemlidir. Bu amaçla tahminlenen Sabit Etkiler Panel Modeli kapsamında, 2002-2011 dönemi ve Küresel Terö- rizm Veritabanı’nda kayıtlı 156 ülkeye ait küresel terörizm endeks de- ğerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulg ular, homoj en toplumlardan ziyade etnik, dilsel ya da inanç temelli toplumsal parçalanmanın (çe- şitliliğ in) yüksek olduğ u toplumlarda terörizm unsurunun gelir düzeyi ve demokratikleşme düzeyi g ibi iktisadi ve p olitik dinamikler taşıdığ ını göstermektedir. Bu durum, toplumsal parçalanma unsurunun teröriz- min ciddi bir dinamiğ i olduğ una işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, terör olay- ları neticesinde yaralanan ve yaşamını yitirenlerin sayısının terörün şiddetinin artmasına neden olan ciddi bir psikoloj ik f aktör olduğ u ve terörizmin mekansal dinamikleri de bünyesinde barındırdığ ı öne çıkan bulg ular arasındadır.

SOCIAL FRACTIONALIZATION, SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND TERRORISM

Understanding the p otential dynamics that result in terrorism is vital to establishing sustainable p eace and succeeding in the f ight against ter- rorism. For this p urp ose, a f ixed eff ects panel model was established by using Global Terrorism Index, ranking 156 countries in accordance with the terrorist activity their borders f rom 2002-2011. Here it has been indicated that in societies which exhibit high rates of ethnic, ling uistic or relig ious f ractionalization, as opp osed to homogeneity, terrorism can be linked with economic and p olitical dynamics such as income level and democratization. In other words, social f ractionalization is an imp or- tant dynamic leading to higher rates of terrorist activity. Moreover, ot- her imp ortant f indings of the model include that terrorism has reg ional dynamics and that the number of casualties which are caused by acts of terrorism and militaristic resp onse rep resent a vital psycholog ical im- pact of terrorism overall.

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