POLONYA: İDEALİST AVRUPALILIKTAN PRAGMATİST AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜYELİĞİNE

1989daki rejim değişikliğinden sonraki ilk yıllarda Polonya halkı Avrupa Birliği üyeliğini, değerlere dayalı ve yüzlerce yıldır beklenen Avrupalı kabul edilme özleminin son bulacağı bir durak olarak kabul ediyor ve yüksek oranla destekliyordu. 1990ların ikinci yarısından itibaren ortaya çıkan yeni koşullar, böyle bir Avrupalılık idealizmini yavaş yavaş geri plana atmış ve AB üyelik sürecini halk nezdinde, bir takım faydamaliyet analizlerinin ve pragmatik değerlendirmelerin konusu haline getirmiştir. Birliğe yönelik değer odaklı ve idealist algılar eski etkisini kaybedince de AB konusunda şüphecilik ve muhalefet hissedilir derecede artmıştır. Birliğe bakıştaki bu algısal değişim tam üyeliğin elde edilmesinden sonra da devam etmiş ve 2004 sonrasında AB hususunda artan halk desteği, yine büyük oranda ekonomik faydacılık kriterinin baskın olduğu pragmatik yaklaşımların ürünü olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Polonya halkındaki AB algısının ve değerlendirmesinin idealist bir çerçeveden pragmatik olana doğru değişimini yukarıda açıklanan üç dönem halinde incelemekte ve böyle bir değişimin muhtemel etkilerini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.

POLAND: FROM IDEALIST EUROPEANNESS TO PRAGMATIC EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP

In the first years after the regime change in 1989, the people of Poland were accepting the European Union membership as a final destination that would end a value-based and centuries-old aspiration of being considered (Western) European, and supporting with high percentage. However, the new conditions surfaced in the second half of the 1990s pushed such an idealism of Europeanness into the background and, turned EU membership into a matter of cost-benefit analysis and pragmatic evaluations for people. When the value-based and idealist perception about the Union lost its effect, then, skepticism and opposition about the EU increased discernibly. This perceptional change about the Union has continued after the accession to the membership, and increasing support about the EU after 2004 has, to a large extent, become the result of pragmatic approaches heavily based on economic utilitarianism. This study investigates the changing of EU perception and evaluation among the Polish people from an idealist perspective to a utilitarian one through the aforementioned three periods and, attempts to explore the possible impacts of such change.

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