Devlet İnşası ve Küresel Güneyde Güvenlik: Güçlü Devlet Arayışının Kuramsal ve Siyasal Açmazları

Soğuk Savaş'ın sona erişinden bu yana, uluslararası müdahaleler ve izleyen devlet inşası uygulamaları, Batı dünyasının küresel Güney'deki güvenlik sorunlarına yönelik olarak geliştirdiği temel politikalardır. Başarısız olduğu yaygın olarak tartışılan bu politika, Ocak 2011'den bu yana Arap dünyasını sarsan toplumsal ayaklanmalar ve siyasal krizde de temel perspektif olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir güvenlik politikası olarak devlet inşasının düşünsel çerçevesini kuran Üçüncü Dünya güvenliği yaklaşımının, özellikle güvenlik eşittir güçlü devlet anlayışı ve eleştirileri irdelenerek, bu yaklaşımın günümüz siyasetindeki tezahürü olan, devlet inşası paradigma ve uygulamalarının çelişki ve sorunları ortaya konacaktır. Devlet inşası uygulamalarının aslında güçlü devleti kurmayı amaçlamadığı, mevcut neoliberal dönüşüm modelinin de, bu toplumların güvensizlik ikilemini daha da derinleştirdiği vurgulanacaktır. Çalışma, genel olarak, Batı siyasetlerine yön veren, zayıf devlet/ müdahale/ devlet inşası izleğine dayalı söylem ve politikaların kuramsal ve siyasal sorunlarını tartışarak, bu politikanın Arap ayaklanmaları bağlamında da gerçerli olmasının sorunlarına da değinen, eleştirel bir perspektif ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

State Building and Security in the Global South: Theoretical and Political Dilemmas of the Search for Strong State

Over the last two decades, liberal interventions and the following state building efforts have dominated Western security discourses and practices towards the global South. The phenomenon of weak state has been defined as the major source of global insecurity especially after the 9/11. However, as the two decades-old experience of interventionism has showed clearly, it is still very problematic to contend that these foreign incursions and military settlements have solved the greater problems of social fragmentation, sectarianism, political disintegration, and regime crisis in weak states. On the contrary, it has been widely argued that as the recent cases of Afghanistan and Iraq have displayed, interventions have exacerbated social tensions and have further weakened state-society relations, which were always fragile in the global South. The ongoing social upheavals in the Arab world since January 2011, have once again brought this unfunctioning global security prescription to the fore. This study focuses on the problems of this security logic of weak state/intervention/state building sequence, which has its intellectual origins in the traditional Third World Security debate. After reviewing this literature and its critiques, the study argues the persistence of this paradigm in the current crisis of the Arab Middle East, which has brought about once again the dilemmas of this logic inasmuch as Western interventionism has faced with a very complicated socio-political situation, as a result of which this security paradigm is under pressure to transform itself.

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