Girişimcilik Faaliyetlerinin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: 10 Büyük Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomisinden Kanıtlar / The Effect of Entrepreneurship Activities on Economic Growth: Evidence from The 10 Big Emerging Market Economies

Bu çalışmada, girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 10 yükselen piyasa ekonomisine ait 1991-2019 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Panel veri yönteminin kullanıldığı analiz kapsamında ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla girişimcilik faaliyetlerini temsil etmek üzere serbest meslek sahipleri ve patent başvuruları verileri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca ekonomik büyüme üzerinde önemli etkilerde bulunabilen emek, sermaye, para politikası ve maliye politikasını temsil eden değişkenler de analize dahil edilmiştir. Ampirik analiz sonuçlarına göre, serbest meslek sahipleri oranındaki artışın ekonomik büyümeyi olumsuz etkilediği ancak patent başvurularındaki artışın olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin ele alınan ülkelerde ekonomik performansın artırılması açısından önemli olduğunu ve bu faaliyetleri destekleyici yönde politikaların uygulanması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Girişimcilik, Ekonomik Büyüme, Panel Veri Analizi

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Activities on Economic Growth: Evidence from The 10 Big Emerging Market Economies / Girişimcilik Faaliyetlerinin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: 10 Büyük Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomisinden Kanıtlar

In this study, it is aimed to examine the effect of entrepreneurial activities on economic growth. The relationship between the variables was examined by using annual data for the period of 1991-2019 belonging to 10 emerging market economies. Within the scope of the analysis in which the panel data method is used, the data of self-employed and patent applications were used to represent entrepreneurial activities in order to examine the effect on economic growth. In addition, variables representing labor, capital, monetary policy and fiscal policy, which can have significant effects on economic growth, are also included in the analysis. According to the empirical analysis results, it has been determined that the increase in the rate of self-employed negatively affects economic growth, but the increase in patent applications has a positive effect. These results reveal that entrepreneurship activities are important in terms of increasing economic performance in the countries discussed and that policies should be implemented to support these activities.

Keywords:

Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth, Panel Data Analysis,

PDF

___

Acs, Z. J., ve Varga, A. (2005). Entrepreneurship, Agglomeration and Technological Change. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 323-334.
Ağır, H., ve Kara, M. A. (2017). Girişimcilik ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 213-227.
Altınışık, İ., ve Külen, C. (2020). Girişimcilik Kültürü Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Teorik Bir Değerlendirme. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 22(39), 277-290.
Ballı, A. (2017). Girişimcilik ve Girişimci Tipolojileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(29), 143-166.
Baumol, W. J., and Strom, R. J. (2007). Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(3-4), 233–237.
Blanchﬂower, D.G. (2000). Self-employment in OECD Countries. Labour Economics, 7, 471-505.
Bozkurt, Ö. Ç., Kalkan, A., Koyuncu, O., ve Alparslan, A. M. (2012). Türkiye’de Girişimciliğin Gelişimi: Girişimciler Üzerinde Nitel Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, 229-247.
Breusch, T. S., and Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
Carlsson, B., Acs, Z., Audretsch, D. B., and Braunerhjelm, P. (2009). Knowledge Creation, Entrepreneurship, And Economic Growth: A Historical Review. Industrial and Corporate Change, 18(6), 1193–1229.
Doran, J., McCarthy, N., and O’Connor, M. (2018). The Role of Entrepreneurship in Stimulating Economic Growth in Developed and Developing Countries. Cogent Economics & Finance, 6(1), 1-14.
Elverdi, S., ve Atik, H. (2020). Girişimcilik Ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Avrupa Ve Kuzey Amerika Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(69) 1170-1179.
Fischer, M.M., and Nijkamp, P., (2009). Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. in Capello, R. ve Nijkamp, P. (eds), Handbook of Regional Grovth and Development Theories, Massachusets, Edvard Elgar Publishing.
Garten, J.E. (1997). The Big Ten: The Big Emerging Markets and how They Will Change Our Lives. New York: BasicBooks.
Hsu, D. H., E. R. Roberts and C. E. Eesley (2006). Entrepreneurs From Technology-Based Universities: Evidence From MIT. Working paper, M.I.T.: August.
Kaur, H., and Bains, A. (2013). Understanding The Concept of Entrepreneur Competency. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research, 2(11), 31-33.
Khalil, R. (2019). The Relationship Between Entrepreneurshıp and Economic Growth. Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 8(3), 12-43.
Landström, H., Harirchi, G., and Aström, F. (2012). Entrepreneurship: Exploring The Knowledge Base. Research Policy, 41(7), 1154–1181.
LêKhang, T., and Thành, N. C. (2018, April). Economic Growth, Entrepreneurship, And Institutions: Evidence in Emerging Countries. In The 5th IBSM International Conference On Business, Management and Accounting (357-374).
Ovaska, T., and Sobel, R. S. (2005). Entrepreneurship in Post-Socialist Economies. Journal of Private Enterprise, 21(1), 8-28.
Pesaran , M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with A Multifactor Error Structure. Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.
Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
Pesaran, M. H., and Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., and Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias‐adjusted LM test of error cross‐section independence. Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, 11(1),105-127,
Pesaran, M., (2004). General Diagnostic Test for Cross Sectional Independence in Panel. 1-39. Access Address: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/446/ cwpe0435.pdf? sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: Free Press.
Pradhan, R. P., Arvin, M. B., Nair, M., and Bennett, S. E. (2020). The Dynamics Among Entrepreneurship, Innovation, And Economic Growth in The Eurozone Countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 42(5), 1106-1122.
Prasetyo, P. E., and Kistanti, N. R. (2020). Human Capital, Institutional Economics and Entrepreneurship as A Driver for Quality & Sustainable Economic Growth. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(4), 2575-2589.
Rusu, V. D., and Roman, A. (2017). Entrepreneurial Activity in The EU: An Empirical Evaluation of Its Determinants. Sustainability, 9(10), 1-16.
Salgado Banda, H. (2004). Essays On Productive Entrepreneurship: Theory and Evidence. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Birkbeck University of London, London.
Salgado-Banda, H. (2007). Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(01), 3-29.
Śledzik, K. (2013). Schumpeter’s View on Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Management Trends in Theory and Practice, (ed.) Stefan Hittmar, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina & Institute of Management by University of Zilina. 89-95
Stoica, O., Roman, A., and Rusu, V. D. (2020). The Nexus Between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis On Groups of Countries. Sustainability, 12(3), 1-19.
Şahin, D. (2018). OECD Ülkelerinde Girişimcilik Faaliyetlerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 81-90.
Van Praag, C. M. and Versloot, P. H. (2007). What is The Value of Entrepreneurship? A Review of Recent Research. Small Business Economics, 29(4), 351-382.
Wennekers, S., and Thurik, R. (1999). Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, 13, 27-56.
Westerlund, J. (2008). Panel Cointegration Tests of the Fisher Effect. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(2), 193-233.