“GİBİ” SÖYLEM BELİRLEYİCİSİNİN TÜRKÇE KONUŞMA DİLİNDEKİ İŞLEVSEL KULLANIMLARI

Bu çalışmada Türkçedeki “gibi” sözcüğünün bir söylem belirleyici olarak işlevsel kullanımlarında konuşmacı tercihlerinin yaş, cinsiyet ve konuşma durumu değişkenlerinden etkilenip etkilenmediği incelenmiştir. Yaş değişkeninin etkisini incelemek üzere anadili Türkçe olan konuşmacıların yer aldığı dört farklı yaş grubu (4-8, 18-23, 33-50, 50 ve üzeri) oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada 84 katılımcı yer almıştır. Cinsiyet dağılımı her yaş grubu içinde eşit olacak şekilde planlanmıştır. Tüm katılımcılarla iki farklı konuşma durumunda (hazırlıklı/hazırlıksız) gerçekleştirilen ve en az 300 sözcükten oluşan yüz yüze görüşmeler kaydedilmiş ve çevriyazıya dönüştürülmüştür. Araştırmanın sonunda “gibi” söylem belirleyicisinin Türkçe konuşma dilinde yedi farklı işlevde kullanıldığı ve “konuşma esnasında önceden verilen eski bir bilgiyi tekrarlama veya bu bilgiye vurgu yapma” işlevinin en yaygın olarak 50 ve üzeri yaş grubunda gözlemlendiği görülmüştür. Cinsiyet değişkenine ilişkin olarak, hazırlıklı konuşma durumunda kadınların “gibi” söylem belirleyicisini “açıklama yapma/örnekleme veya açıklama/örnek isteme” işlevinde erkeklere kıyasla daha sıklıkla kullandıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Konuşma durumu değişkeninin konuşmacıların “gibi”nin işlevsel kullanım tercihlerini etkilemediği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

edimbilim, söylem belirleyiciler, Türkçe konuşma, gibi

THE FUNCTIONAL USES OF THE DISCOURSE MARKER “LIKE” IN TURKISH SPEECH

This study analyzes whether speaker preferences regarding the functional uses of the discourse marker gibi “like” in Turkish are affected by the variables of age, gender, and speech condition. Four different age groups (4-8, 18-23, 33-50, 50 and over) were comprised of the speakers whose native language was Turkish to examine the effect of the age variable. 84 participants took part in the study. Gender distribution was equal in each age group. Face-to-face interviews with at least 300 words were conducted in two different speech conditions (planned/spontaneous). The interviews were recorded and transcribed. As a result, gibi “like” as a discourse marker was used in seven different functions in Turkish speech. The function of “focusing to/ repeating what had already been said” was observed the most commonly in the age group of 50 and over in the spontaneous speech condition. Regarding the gender variable, in the planned speech condition, females used the discourse marker gibi “like” more frequently than men in the function of “explaining/exemplifying”. The speech condition variable did not affect the preferences of the speakers regarding the functional uses of gibi “like”.

Keywords:

pragmatics, discourse markers, Turkish speech, like,

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