AKDENİZ AVRUPASI’NDA TURİZM, EKONOMİK REFAH VE MUTLULUK

Bu çalışmada 8 Akdeniz Avrupası ülkesinde turizmdeki kalkınmanın, kurumsal ve makroekonomik kalkınmanın ekonomik refah, mutluluk ve esenlik üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. 2007 ve 2018 dönemleri için bir panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınmanın farklı yönlerinin refah ve esenliği nasıl etkileyebileceğini anlamak için geniş bir gösterge yelpazesi kullanılmıştır. Ekonomik refah, mutluluk ve esenliği temsil eden bağımlı değişkenlere yakınsamak ve oluşturmak için bileşik değişkenler sosyal sermaye ve yaşam koşulları kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca tahminlerde kullanmak üzere iki bileşik gösterge, ekonomik ortam ve kurumlar oluşturulmuştur. Pazar erişimi ve altyapı, yatırım ortamı, kurumsal koşullar ve ekonomik kalite, bileşik değişken ekonomik ortamı oluşturmak için entegre edilmiştir. Yönetişim, emniyet ve güvenlik, ve kişisel haklar, bileşik değişken kurumları oluşturmak için birleştirilmiştir. Turizmdeki gelişimenin refah ve esenlik üzerinde olumsuz, kötüleştirici bir etkiye sahip olabileceği bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, sağlık hizmetleri, eğitim, kişisel haklar, makroekonomik istikrar ve piyasa ekonomisi koşullarındaki gelişmeler ekonomik refah, mutluluk ve esenlik seviyelerini artırabileceği bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Refah, Esenlik, Sosyal Sermaye, Mutluluk, Turizmdeki Gelişme

TOURISM, ECONOMIC PROSPERITY AND HAPPINESS IN THE MEDİTERRANEAN EUROPE

In this study the effects of tourism, institutional and macroeconomic development on economic prosperity, happiness and well-being in 8 Mediterranean European countries are examined. A panel data analysis is carried out for the period 2007 and 2018. A wide spectrum of indicators is used to understand how different aspects of economic and social development can affect prosperity and well-being. We use the compound variables social capital and living conditions to approximate and create dependent variables representing economic prosperity, happiness and well-being. Moreover, two composite indicators, economic environment and institutions are used in the main estimations. Market access and infrastructure, investment environment, enterprise conditions, and economic quality are integrated to generate the composite variable economic environment. Governance, safety and security, and personal freedom are compounded to create the composite variable institutions. It is found that tourism development may have a negative, deteriorating impact on prosperity and well-being. On the other hand, it is found that improvements in health services, education, personal freedom, macroeconomic stability, and market economy conditions can increase the levels of economic prosperity, happiness and well-being.

Keywords:

Prosperity, well-being, Social Capital, happiness, Tourism Development,

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